中国母乳多不饱和脂肪酸组成、特点与其满足婴儿膳食营养素摄入量的比较分析

Composition and characteristics of polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk in China and its comparative analysis of meeting the dietary nutrient intake of infants

脂肪是母乳的重要组分,母乳中的脂肪酸是母乳脂肪中变化较大的常量营养素,尤其是多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),在婴儿营养、免疫及神经认知功能上发挥着重要作用。旨在为更科学合理的母乳喂养提供营养策略,综述了中国母乳中n-6 PUFA、n-3 PUFA、亚油酸(LA)、α-亚麻酸(ALA)、花生四烯酸(ARA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的含量以及LA/ALA比值,并根据0~6月龄婴儿PUFA的参考摄入量,分析中国母乳中PUFA的组成及特点。我国母乳成熟乳中LA含量偏高,ARA含量相对稳定,ALA和DHA含量偏低且波动范围大,LA/ALA比值在4.25~33.44之间。可通过膳食干预改善母乳中PUFA组成,提高母乳喂养婴儿生长发育所需的PUFA含量。

Fat is an important component of human milk.Fatty acids in human milk are macronutrients with great changes,especially polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),which play an important role in infant nutrition,immunity and neurocognitive function.In order to provide nutritional strategies for more scientifically sound breast feeding,the contents of n-6 PUFA,n-3 PUFA,linoleic acid(LA),α-linolenic acid(ALA),arachidonic acid(ARA),docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)and LA/ALA ratio in human milk in China were reviewed,and the composition and characteristics of PUFA in human milk in China were analyzed according to the reference intake of PUFA for infants from 0 to 6 months of age.The mature human milk in China contained high levles of LA,relatively stable levels of ARA,low and fluctuating levels of ALA and DHA,and the LA/ALA ratio ranged from 4.25 to 33.44.The PUFA composition of human milk can be improved by dietary intervention so as to increase the PUFA content required for the growth and development of breastfed infants.