中国≥65岁老年人牙齿缺失与听力损伤的关联研究

Association of Tooth Loss with Hearing Impairment in Chinese Older Adults Aged 65 Years and Above

背景听力损伤和牙齿脱落在老年人群中较为常见且严重危害老年人身心健康,但目前针对老年人牙齿缺失、义齿使用与听力损伤关系的人群研究有限。目的探讨我国≥65岁老年人牙齿缺失与听力损伤之间的关联。方法于2023年1月,在中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)2018年数据中选取符合要求的≥65岁老年人15161名为研究对象。以听力损伤情况为结局变量,以口腔牙齿数量为解释变量,以社会人口学、生活方式、健康状况信息为协变量,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨牙齿数量对听力损失的影响,并进一步对不同年龄、性别、日常生活活动能力、义齿使用情况老年人进行分层分析。结果15161名研究对象中,牙齿数量为≥20、10~19、1~9、0颗的老年人分别有3655名(24.11%)、2355名(15.53%)、4008名(26.44%)、5143名(33.92%),听力损伤者有6148名(40.55%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在调整了相关混杂因素后,与牙齿数量≥20颗者相比,牙齿数量为10~19、1~9、0颗者容易发生听力损伤,OR(95%CI)分别为1.31(1.08~1.58)、1.57(1.32~1.86)、1.97(1.65~2.36)。分层分析结果显示,牙齿数量与听力损伤之间的关联在≥80岁和未使用义齿的老年人中更为显著(P<0.05)。结论老年人牙齿缺失可增加听力损伤的发生风险,高龄和未使用义齿的老年人发生听力损伤的风险更高。

Background Hearing impairment and tooth loss are common among the elderly and seriously endanger their physical and mental health.However,there are limited studies on the correlation of tooth loss,denture use with hearing impairment in the elderly.Objective To explore the correlation of tooth loss with hearing impairment among Chinese older adults aged 65 years and above.Methods In January 2023,15161 eligible older adults aged 65 years and above were selected as the study subjects in the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS).With hearing impairment as the outcome variable,the number of natural teeth as the explanatory variable,sociodemographic,lifestyle,and health status information as covariates,multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of tooth loss on hearing impairment,and subgroup analyses of age,gender,activities of daily living abilities and denture use were conducted.Results Among the 15161 subjects,3655(24.11%),2355(15.53%),4008(26.44%)and 5143(33.92%)older adults were with teeth number of≥20,10-19,1-9 and 0,respectively,and 6148(40.55%)had hearing impairment.The results of the multivariate Logistic regression model after adjusting for confounders showed that compared to those with teeth number≥20,older adults with teeth number of 10-19,1-9 and 0 had higher risk of hearing impairment,with an OR(95%CI)of 1.31(1.08-1.58),1.57(1.32-1.86)and 1.97(1.65-2.36),respectively.The results of the stratified analysis showed that the association between teeth number and hearing impairment was more significant in older adults aged≥80 years and those without denture use(P<0.05).Conclusion Tooth loss was associated with increased risk of hearing impairment in Chinese older adults,and those who were older and do not use dentures are at higher risk for hearing impairment.