碳量子点对大鼠的免疫安全性评价

Immunosafety Assessment of Carbon Quantum Dots in Rats

目的:探究碳量子点对大鼠免疫系统的影响,并对其免疫毒性作初步研究,初步探索碳量子点作为新一代医用材料的生物安全性以及可行性。方法:制备氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CDs),设立空白对照组及N-CDs均匀混悬液低、中、高多剂量组,分别采用灌胃和尾静脉注射方式按体重给药,每日染毒大鼠,连续8周。采集胸腺、脾组织和外周血血清样本,进行GSH、MDA、SOD、TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-1的检测分析。结果:(1)各染毒组的大鼠体重相对空白组无明显差异。(2)灌胃组大鼠脏器系数几乎与空白对照组一致,尾静脉注射组大鼠胸腺的脏器系数均显示明显下降,低、中剂量组大鼠脾脏的脏器系数明显增大。(3)灌胃组大鼠脾脏组织匀浆中,N-CDs高剂量组的GSH浓度显著降低;N-CDs中、高剂量组的MDA浓度显著下降;胸腺的组织匀浆中,N-CDs染毒组均无明显差异。(4)尾静脉注射组大鼠脾脏组织匀浆中,N-CDs中、高剂量组的MDA含量呈显著性降低;胸腺组织匀浆中,各组大鼠胸腺组织匀浆中SOD活力随N-CDs尾静脉注剂量的增大而显示出梯度降低。(5)灌胃和尾静脉注射组大鼠外周血清中的IL-1、TNF-α及IFN-γ浓度均未造成显著变化。结论:N-CDs通过灌胃和尾静脉注射给药进入大鼠机体后,在整体水平上无显著性免疫毒性作用,未引起免疫功能状态的变化,无炎性作用。但在浓度较高时,可导致机体脾脏的氧化—抗氧化作用调节紊乱,对免疫系统造成一定的氧化损伤。说明了N-CDs具有优异的体内免疫安全性,预示着良好的生物体应用前景。

Objective:To study the effect of carbon quantum dots on the immune system of rats,and make a preliminary study on the immunotoxicity of carbon quantum dots for the potential of the application of carbon quantum dots as a new generation of medical materials.Methods:Nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots(N-CDs)were prepared.Blank control and N-CDs uniform suspension with low,medium and high concentrations were introduced as the experimental groups.The N-CDs were administered by gavage and tail vein injection according to body weight,and the rats were poisoned every day for 8 weeks.Collect thymus,spleen tissue and peripheral blood serum samples for the detection of GSH,MDA,SOD,TNF-α,IFN-γ,and IL-1.Results:(1)There was no significant difference in the weight of rats in each exposure group compared with the blank group.(2)The organ coefficients of rats in the intragastric group were almost the same as those in the blank control group.The organ coefficients of the thymus of rats in the tail vein injection group showed a significant decrease,and the organ coefficients of the spleen of rats in the low and middle dose groups were significantly increased.(3)The GSH concentration in the spleen homogenate of rats in the gavage group decreased significantly in the high-dose group.The concentration of MDA in the medium and high dose groups of N-CDs decreased significantly.In the tissue homogenate of thymus,there was no significant difference in N-CDs exposed groups.(4)In the tail vein injection group,the MDA content in the spleen tissue homogenate of rats in the medium and high dose groups of N-CDs decreased significantly.In the thymus tissue homogenate,the SOD activity in the thymus tissue homogenate of rats in each group showed a gradient decrease with the increase of the tail vein injection dose of N-CDs.(5)IL-1,TNF-αand IFN-γin peripheral serum of rats in the groups of intragastric and tail vein injection,the concentrations did not cause significant changes.Conclusion:The dose of N-CDs by gavage and tail vein injection exhibited no significant immunotoxic effect on the overall body,no change in immune function,and no inflammatory effect.However,when the dose of N-CDs is high,it can lead to the disorder of the regulation system of oxidation-antioxidation of the body spleen of rats,and cause certain oxidative damage to the immune system.It shows that N-CDs have excellent immuno safety in vivo,indicating a good biological application prospect.