中国独居老人抑郁症状现况及影响因素分析——基于2018年CHARLS数据库

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Elderly Living Alone in China-Based on 2018 CHARLS Database

目的:了解中国独居老人抑郁症状现况及影响因素。方法:利用2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据(CHARLS)中1067名≥60岁的独居老人,依据调查问卷中的CESD-10抑郁量表来判断独居老人是否具有抑郁症状,通过χ^(2)检验、Logistic回归分析独居老人抑郁症状影响因素。结果:研究显示中国60岁以上独居老人抑郁症状检出率为44.9%,其中农村高于城市(P<0.001),男性低于女性(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:与男性相比,女性(OR=1.772,95%CI:1.347~2.333)与独居老人抑郁症状的检出有关(P<0.05);与居住在城市相比,农村(OR=1.913,95%CI:1.410~2.595)与独居老人抑郁症状检出有关(P<0.05);与健康状态较健康相比,健康状态一般(OR=1.564,95%CI:1.102~2.220)和较不健康(OR=6.145,95%CI:4.168~9.058)与独居老人抑郁症状检出有关(P<0.05);与睡眠时长7~9h相比,睡眠时长<7h(OR=2.342,95%CI:1.702~3.223)与独居老人抑郁症状检出有关(P<0.05),而睡眠时长>9h与独居老人抑郁症状检出无关联(P>0.05)。结论:独居老人抑郁症状与性别、睡眠时长、居住地区、自评健康状况等因素存在关联,相关部门应加倍重视女性、农村、健康状况不佳及失眠的独居老人心理健康。

Objective:To investigate the status and influencing factors of depressive symptoms among elderly living alone in China.Methods:A total of 1067 elderly people aged≥60 years old who lived alone in China from Health and Old-age Follow-up Survey(CHARLS)in 2018 were selected.The CESD 10 depression scale in the questionnaire was used to determine whether the elderly living alone had depression symptoms.And Chi-square test and Logisic regression were used to analyze the influncing factors of depressive symptoms in the living alone.Results:The study showed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the elderly over 60 years old living alone in China was 44.9%,which was higher in rural areas than in urban areas(P<0.001),and males were lower than females(P<0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with male,female(OR=1.772,95%CI:1.347~2.333)was correlated with the detection of depressive symptoms in elderly people living alone(P<0.05).Compared with living in the city,the rural area(OR=1.913,95%CI:1.410~2.595)was correlated with the detection of depressive symptoms in the elderly living alone(P<0.05).Compared with the healthy state,the healthy state is average(OR=1.564,95%CI:1.102~2.220)and the unhealthy state(OR=6.145,95%CI:4.168~9.058)were correlated with the detection of depressive symptoms in the elderly living alone(P<0.05).Compared with sleep duration of 7~9 hours,sleep duration<7 hours(OR=2.342,95%CI:1.702~3.223)was correlated with the detection of depressive symptoms in elderly people living alone(P<0.05).However,sleep duration>9 hours was not associated with depressive symptoms in elderly living alone(P>0.05).Conclusion:The depressive symptoms of the elderly living alone in China are significant associated with gender,sleep duration,living area,self-rated health status.The related departments should pay more attention to the mental health of the elderly living alone in female,rural areas,poor health and insomnia.