张家港市学龄前儿童饮食行为及相关因素分析

Eating behavior and influencing factors of preschool children in Zhangjiagang

目的了解张家港市学龄前儿童饮食行为问题现状及其相关影响因素,为规范儿童饮食行为提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,2020年6—7月随机抽取张家港市市区和乡镇8所幼儿园共3719例3~6岁儿童及其照护人作为研究对象,进行儿童饮食行为的问卷调查,采用多元线性回归进行统计分析。结果调查儿童中46.8%存在一项或多项饮食行为问题,其中挑食所占比例为33.5%,不良进食行为所占比例为18.8%,而情绪性进食所占比例高达27.2%。挑食主要受体质量状况、照护人教育背景影响;食物响应主要受体质量状况、家庭月收入影响;不良进食习惯、过饱响应主要受体质量状况影响;外因性进食主要受体质量状况、照护人教育背景及家庭月收入影响;情绪性进食主要受照护人教育背景影响;主动性进食主要受年龄、照护人教育背景影响(P<0.05)。结论张家港市学龄前儿童饮食行为问题检出率较高,且存在多种影响因素。

Objective To explore the current situation of preschool children's dietary behavior problems in Zhangjiagang and its influencing factors,and to provide a scientific basis for regulating children's dietary behaviors.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted in the urban areas and towns of Zhangjiagang,and a total of 3719 children aged 3-6 years old and their caregivers from 8 kindergartens were randomly selected as the research objects between June and July 2020.Multiple linear regression were used to analyze the family demographic differences of children's eating behavior.Results 46.8%of the children surveyed had one or more eating behavior problems,of which 33.5%were picky eating behaviors,18.8%were unhealthy eating behaviors,and 27.2%were emotional eating behaviors.The picky eating behaviors were affected by the weight status and the caregiver's educational background;the food response were influenced by the weight status and the family's monthly income;the weight status had an impact on the unhealthy eating behaviors and satiety response;the weight status,the caregiver's educational background and the family's monthly income were associated with external eating;emotional eating were mainly affected by the education background of the caregiver;the education background of the caregiver and age were closely related to initiative eating(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of eating problems of preschool children in Zhangjiagang is higher,and different eating behaviors habit have different influencing factors.