基于表面完整性的表面强化技术研究综述

Review of study on surface strengthening technology based on surface integrity

服役在变载、变速及高温等恶劣工况下的轴承、齿轮和发动机叶片等在面临摩擦、磨损、腐蚀及交变载荷等情况时,经常因为零件的表面性能无法满足复杂工况的要求而发生安全事故。为有效提高轴承等零件的耐磨损及耐腐蚀性能,降低表面摩擦因数、提高其服役寿命和可靠性,需要提高零件表面完整性,即必须对轴承等零件进行表面强化工艺处理。通过对国内外金属材料表面强化技术的研究现状进行系统地综述,分析了表面机械强化、表面热处理强化、电火花强化、表面镀层强化、超声振动辅助强化以及其复合工艺对金属表面残余应力、表面粗糙度、显微硬度和表层显微组织等表面完整性的影响。其次,总结了各种表面强化工艺的优势和不足,综合了国内外对各强化技术的研究进展,分别对各工艺提高表面质量的未来研究提出了参考性的方向,最后,提出了一种新型金属表面强化技术—磁控溅射-超声滚压复合工艺,以期对金属表面完整性的改善做出新的贡献,方便同领域学者学习参考。

When bearings,gears and engine blades serving in harsh working conditions such as variable load,variable speed and high temperature are faced with friction,wear,corrosion and alternating loads,safety accidents often occur because the surface properties of parts can not meet the requirments of complex conditions.To effectively improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance properties of bearings and other parts,reduce the surface friction factor,and improve their service life and reliability,it is necessary to improve the surface integrity of parts,that is,the surface strengthening process must be carried out on bearings and other parts.The effects of surface mechanical strengthening,surface heat treatment strengthening,electric discharge machining strengthening,surface coating strengthening,ultrasonic vibration assisted strengthening and their composite processes on the surface integrity of metal surface residual stress,surface roughness,microhardness and surface microstructure were analyzed by systematically review of the research status of surface strengthening technology of metal materials at home and abroad.The advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of surface strengthening processes were summarized,the research progress of various strengthening technologies at home and abroad was integrated,and the reference direction for future research on improving surface quality of each process was proposed.Finally,a new type of metal surface strengthening technology—magnetron sputtering-ultrasonic rolling composite process was proposed,which is ready to make new contributions to the improvement of metal surface integrity and facilitate the study of scholars in the same field.