基于集聚不经济视角的大城市发展模式研究

Research on the Development Model of a Large City Basedon the Perspective of Agglomeration Dis-economy

传统的集聚经济学认为,随着人口的集聚带来城市产出以及生产效率的提升,人口集聚也能够带来商业集聚从而降低居民搜索成本,并促进消费经济的发展。然而过度集聚会带来一系列集聚不经济问题,如产生拥挤、租金上涨、服务价格上升、公共资源紧张等。更为重要的是,城市在过度集聚的情况下原有居民的消费效用会随集聚程度的增加而受到持久的负面影响。通过采用分区域的分析视角发现,“一城多市、分区集聚”的城市结构设计理念为破解大城市集聚不经济问题提供了新的思路。大城市可以从以下方面进行结构优化:一是借助网状分区结构布局,优化城市结构体系;二是借助交通驱动集聚状态协同高效化;三是采用“多中心组团式”,避免城市“摊大饼”式发展;四是空间上进行资源的多维度价值开发与利用;五是结合人口转移流动趋势,实施动态结构优化。

According to the traditional agglomeration economics,as the agglomeration of population brings about the improvement of urban output and production efficiency,the agglomeration of population can also bring about commercial agglomeration,thus reducing the searching cost of the residents and promoting the development of consumer economy.However,the excessive agglomeration can bring about a series of agglomeration uneconomic problems,such as the congestion,rent rise,service price rise,and public resource shortage etc..More importantly,in the case of excessive urban agglomeration,the consumption utility of original residents will suffer lasting negative effect with the increase of the settlement degree.From the perspective of region-dividing analysis,it is found that the urban structure design concept of“multiple towns in a city,and regional agglomeration”may provide a new way to solve the problem of agglomeration dis-economy in large cities.The structure optimization of large cities can be carried out from the following aspects:firstly,we can optimize the urban structure system with the help of network zoning structure layout;secondly,the agglomeration state can be coordinated and highly efficient with the help of traffic;thirdly,we can adopt the type of“multi-center group”,and avoid the urban development type of“spreading cake”;fourthly,we can carry out the multi-dimensional value development and utilization of the resources in space;and fifthly,we can optimize the dynamic structure based on the trend of population transfer.