阿甘本的“生命—形式”概念及其生命政治的终结方案

The Concept of“Form-of-Life”of Agamben and His Scheme of Ending Biopolitics

生命政治学作为一种资本主义批判理论而成为当代政治哲学领域中的一门显学。作为理论体系最完善者,阿甘本的生命政治学兼有批判资本主义和构建理想政治秩序的双重面向。前者指认西方政治运用“排除性纳入”逻辑将人缩减为赤裸生命,本质上是一种死亡政治;后者探究终结生命政治,构建理想政治形态的具体路径,这也是其生命政治学的突破性所在。在其中,生命—形式是一个关键性概念,它既是人的理想存在形态,也是实现阿甘本理论构想的主体。现实的人向生命—形式的演进过程,就是终结生命政治和实现理想政治秩序的过程。阿甘本认为,人的思想的无限潜能从理论上提供了实现生命—形式的可能性;“清贫的使用”的实践策略则是构建生命—形式的现实路径。

Biopolitics,as a kind of critical theory for capitalism,is a noted school in the field of contemporary political philosophy.As the most complete theoretical system in it,the biopolitics of Agamben contains two faces of criticizing capitalism and constructing ideal political order.The former points out western politics uses the logic of“exclusive inclusion”to reduce human being into bare life,and it is a kind of thanatopolitics in essence.For the latter,it explores how to end biopolitics and construct specific path to ideal form of politics,it’s actually the point of breakthrough in Agamben’s biopolitics.In the latter aspect,form-of-life is a crucial concept,it is the ideal form of existence to human being,the subject of realizing the theoretical hypothesis of Agamben.The process of man in reality evolving into form-of-life,is the process of ending biopolitics and achieving ideal political order.For Agamben,the thought of human includes infinite potentiality,which provides the possibility to achieve the ideal form in theory.The practical strategy of“poor use”is the realistic approach to construct the form-of-life.