新疆杏农药残留的风险评估与排序

Risk Assessment and Ranking of Pesticide Residues in Xinjiang Apricot

为明确新疆杏中残留农药的种类、残留风险水平,本研究以2021年和2022年新疆6个杏主产区的77份样品为研究对象,使用液相色谱-质谱法和气相色谱-质谱法对杏中的99种农药进行定量分析,计算杏中农药残留的急性、慢性膳食摄入风险,并进行排序,针对杏中检出的无最大残留限量的农药,提出了最大残留限量建议值。研究结果显示,新疆杏样品农药残留检出率较高,达到96.1%,样品残留农药共计23种,其中多菌灵、啶虫脒、氯氟氰菊酯的检出率较高。残留农药的急慢性膳食摄入风险在可接受水平。根据农药风险评估排序,克百威、甲拌磷、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、三唑磷4种农药被确定为高风险农药,风险得分分别为25.3、25.1、20.2、20.1。抽查的77份样品不存在高风险的样品,主要以低风险和极低风险样品为主。检出的农药中有10种尚未制定最大残留限量,综合分析,建议优先制定虫酰肼、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、三唑磷3种残留农药的最大限量值,建议值分别为:6、0.1、0.3 mg/kg。可见,新疆杏质量安全状况整体良好,建议完善杏中常用而无农药残留最大限量值规定农药的限量值。

In order to clarify the types and risk levels of residual pesticides in Xinjiang apricots,in this study,77 samples from six major apricot producing areas of Xinjiang in 2021 and 2022 were selected as the research objects.The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to quantitatively analyze 99 kinds of pesticides in apricot,and acute and chronic dietary intake risks of pesticide residues in apricot were calculated and sorted.For the maximum residual limited pesticides detected in apricot,the recommended value of maximum residual limit was put forward.The results of the study showed that the detection rate of pesticide residues in Xinjiang apricot sample was 96.1%,and there were 23 pesticide residues in total,of which carbendazim,acetamiprid,and cyhalothrin had relatively high detection rates.The risk of acute and chronic dietary intake of residual pesticides was at acceptable levels.According to the order of pesticide risk assessment,four pesticides were identified as high risk pesticides,namely,carbofuran,phorate,emamectin benzoate,and triazophos,with risk scores of 25.3,25.1,20.2,and 20.1 respectively.There were no high risk samples in 77 samples,mainly low risk and very low risk samples.Of the pesticides detected,10 had not yet been established maximum residue limits.Based on the comprehensive analysis,it iwas recommended to prioritize the maximum limit values of three residual pesticides,namely,tebufenozide,emamectin benzoate,and triazophos,and the recommended values were 6,0.1,and 0.3 mg/kg,respectively.It can be seen that the quality and safety of Xinjiang apricot is generally good,and it is suggested to improve the maximum limit value of pesticides which is commonly used in apricot without pesticide residue.