智媒时代家庭媒介素养教育的特点、困境及对策

The Characters,Problems,and Strategies of Family-based Media Literacy Education in the Era of Intelligent Media

智能媒介时代,各类媒介在成为青少年重要信息渠道的同时,也成为了一支重要的“塑型力量”,媒介信息正潜移默化地塑造着青少年的社会行为、价值观和世界观,青少年媒介素养教育的重要性不容忽视。家庭是青少年最早接触的生活环境,生活时间最长的活动场地,也是影响最大的教育场所。家庭同时也是青少年大部分媒介行为发生的主要现场,是媒介影响产生的重要场域,将青少年媒介素养教育放在家庭教育的视阈下观照,具有重要的现实意义。媒介素养包含了媒介基本知识、媒介使用能力、媒介批判思维、媒介价值观四个维度,相比于其他领域的媒介素养教育,家庭媒介素养教育具有渗透性高、针对性强、灵活性好等特点,但我国的家庭媒介素养教育还存在教育意识缺位、家长能力不足以及青少年自我教育所形成的阻碍等现实困境。为突破这些困境,结合媒介素养的四个维度,家庭媒介素养教育首先应加强网络信息安全教育,将网络信息安全教育作为家庭教育的重要内容,通过案例分享、知识介绍、视频观看、家庭讨论等多种形式,普及网络病毒、网络暴力、网络隐私、账号密码安全等互联网信息安全教育;其次,进行媒介使用干预,对青少年的媒介接触采取禁止与鼓励、选择与开放、了解与跟踪、讨论与交流等一系列干预措施,在遵循家庭规则的基础上进行积极的媒介使用干预。第三,实施媒介批判教育,引导青少年能够以科学、正确的立场参与网络活动,指导其以理性的角度对媒介信息进行批判性接收,并提升青少年的媒介运用高阶能力。第四,媒介价值观引导,通过对网络事件和案例的陈述、讨论、分析、引导,帮助青少年强化网络道德意识,端正网络道德行为。

In the era of intelligent media,all kind of media have become important information channels for teenagers,but also become an important"molding force".Media information is subtly shaping the social behavior,values and world views of teenagers,and the importance of media literacy education for teenagers cannot be ignored.Family is the first living environment for teenagers to contact,the activity place with the longest life,and also the most influential education place.At the same time,family is also the main scene of most media behaviors of teenagers,and an important field of media influence.It is of great practical significance to put the media literacy education of teenagers under the threshold of family education.Media literacy contains four dimensions:media basic knowledge,media use ability,media critical thinking,and media values.Compared with other areas of media literacy education,family media literacy education has high permeability,strong pertinence,good flexibility,but China's family media literacy education is absence of education consciousness,parents ability and youth self education formed by reality.To break through all of these dilemmas,combining the four dimensions of media literacy,family media literacy education should first strengthen the network information security education and take network information security education education as an important content of family education and popularize Internet information security education on network virus,network violence,network privacy,account and password security through case sharing,knowledge introduction,video viewing,family discussion and other forms.Next,it is suggested to conduct media use intervention,adopt a series of intervention measures such as prohibition and encouragement,selection and openness,understanding and tracking,discussion and communication,and conduct active media use intervention on the basis of following family rules.Third,media criticism education should be implemented to guide teenagers to participate in network activities from a scientific and correct standpoint,guiding them to critically receive media information from a rational perspective,and improve their high-level ability in media use.Fourth,the guidance of media values should be adopted to help teenagers to strengthen their network moral awareness and correct their network moral behavior through the statement,discussion,analysis and guidance of network events and cases.