工间微休息对员工创造力的影响——基于事件系统理论的解释

The Impact of Micro-breaks on Employee Creativity:The Perspective of Event System Theory

员工是组织创新体系中的基本单元,如何激发员工创造力成为企业创新必须解决的关键问题。基于事件系统理论,对工间微休息与员工创造力间关系进行分析,解释工作繁荣与员工特质正念在此过程中的中介作用和调节作用,采用经验取样法对研究对象进行5个连续工作日的多时点追踪调查,利用SPSS23.0、Mplus7.4等统计软件对655份上下级配对数据进行跨层次分析。结果表明:在个体内层次,每日工间微休息对当天员工创造力不具有显著直接影响;每日工作繁荣在当天工间微休息与员工创造力关系间发挥中介作用;员工特质正念不仅可以调节每日工间微休息对当天工作繁荣的影响,而且可以调节工作繁荣的中介作用。

Employees are the basic unit of an organizational innovation system.How to stimulate employee creativity has become a key problem in enterprise innovation.However,the rapid development of emerging technologies has brought enterprises complex and dynamic environmental challenges.In order to gain an advantage in the fierce market competition,some enterprises impose more work intensity to prevent employees from committing negligence.Long working hours in high-intensity environments have a negative impact on employees'physical and mental health.In academia,scholars are increasingly aware of the important role of micro-breaks in the healthy development of employees.Compared with rest outside the workplace,micro-breaks have an immediate effect on the recovery of employees'working ability and working state.At present,most of the academic research on micro-breaks explains the positive impact of micro-breaks on employees'physical and mental health,positive emotions,work status and work performance from the perspective of limited personal resources.However it is difficult to systematically explain the impact of micro-breaks on employees from the perspective of limited resources;meanwhile employee creativity is crucial to organizational survival and competitive advantage,can it be affected by micro-breaks The answer has not yet been given in the existing research.Thus this study aims to explore the relationship between micro-breaks and employee creativity based on the theory of event system.This study uses the multi-level data analysis technology and experience sampling method to analyze the relationship between variables.The data are collected from the R&D personnel of high-tech enterprises in Beijing,Tianjin,Shandong,Jiangsu and Liaoning from the information and manufacturing industries.In order to avoid any social weighing problems caused by common method deviation and self-reporting,this study adopts the matching survey method of superiors and subordinates.The superior questionnaire mainly completes the evaluation of the daily creativity of employees.The subordinate questionnaires include the evaluation of demographic characteristics,daily micro-breaks,daily thriving at work,daily sleep status and daily employee creativity.Finally 655 valid questionnaires out of a total of 740 are obtained to meet the research needs of experience sampling method.It is found that,firstly,the micro-breaks do not have a significant direct impact on the employee creativity.Secondly,the thriving at work plays an mediating role between the micro-breaks and employee creativity.Thirdly,employee trait mindfulness plays a moderating role in the relationship between micro-breaks and thriving at work,such that the relationship will be stronger when employees have high rather than low trait mindfulness.Fourthly,employee trait mindfulness can further moderate the indirect effect of micro-breaks on employee creativity via thriving at work,which means that the higher the employee trait mindfulness level is,the stronger the mediating effect of thriving at work.Finally,this paper discusses the theoretical values and implications for management practice.In theoretical significance,it expands the impact of micro-breaks to employee creativity and opens the"black box"of the relationship between micro-breaks and employee creativity.Meanwhile on the basis of the event system theory which can examine how micro-breaks affect employees from a dynamic perspective,this paper provides a more comprehensive and realistic description of the changes that occur in individuals,and deeply explores the internal mechanism of micro-breaks.At last,it investigates the mechanism of micro-breaks by using a cross-level research framework and experience sampling method,effectively reveals the dynamic relationship between micro-breaks and employee creativity,and makes the research conclusions more reliable.In practice significance,this paper provides some suggestions for the enterprise leaders on how to promote employees creativity.Firstly,the organization should strengthen the attention of micro-breaks.Managers could set up the rest areas for employees to take micro-breaks.Secondly,managers should help employees maintain work vitality and provide convenient channels for learning knowledge.Thirdly,managers should regularly organize employees to conduct mindfulness training,encourage employees to learn mindfulness decompression or mindfulness cognitive therapy,and ultimately improve employees'trait mindfulness levels.