拉萨河谷喷灌不同灌溉量对小黑麦生物量与品质的影响分析

Effects of Different Irrigation Rates on Biomass and Quality of Triticale in Lhasa Valley

为了解拉萨河谷喷灌不同灌溉量对小黑麦生物量与品质的影响,以拉萨市小黑麦为研究对象,设置6个灌水处理,分析不同处理生长、生物量和品质指标的显著性;并基于熵值赋权法改进的灰色关联理论模型对各指标进行综合分析。刈割后各处理与充分灌溉对比分析,苗期—越冬期缺水小黑麦的根长、SPAD和越冬率分别显著减少10.5%、12.9%和5.5%;返青—拔节期缺水小黑麦的SPAD显著减小14.9%,粗蛋白显著减小13.8%;拔节—抽穗期缺水小黑麦的株高、LAI、SPAD和生物量分别显著减少23.5%、44.0%、13.2%和22.4%;抽穗—刈割期缺水小黑麦的LAI、SPAD和生物量分别显著减小24.0%、4.5%和23.8%。拔节—抽穗期为小黑麦的需水关键期,该时期缺水对生物量和品质影响最大,应充足水分灌溉;拔节期前缺水对其生物量和品质影响较小;抽穗—刈割期虽正值拉萨河谷雨季,但应适量补灌有利于确保小黑麦高产稳产。充足水分灌溉会造成水资源浪费导致水分利用效率较低,而中等水分灌溉性价比最高。各灌水处理综合分析,灰色关联度从高到低排序为:中等水分>充足水分>抽穗—刈割期缺水>苗期—越冬期缺水>返青—拔节期缺水>拔节—抽穗期缺水。拉萨河谷小黑麦,以75%田间持水量为下限,100%田间持水量为上限,进行15次喷水灌溉,灌溉量352 mm,生物量最高;以65%田间持水率为下限,100%田间持水量为上限,进行10次喷水灌溉,灌溉量319 mm,综合品质最高。

In order to understand the impact of different irrigation amounts of sprinkler irrigation on the biomass and quality of triticale in the Lhasa Valley,the triticale in Lhasa City was taken as the research object,and six irrigation treatments were set.Under the water deficit of triticale,the significance of growth,biomass and quality indicators of different treatments was comprehensively evaluated and analyzed.Moreover,based on the grey correlation theory of entropy weighting method,comprehensive analysis is conducted on each indicator.From the comparative analysis of various treatments and sufficient irrigation after cutting,the root length,SPAD,and overwintering rate of water deficient triticale significantly decreased by 10.5%,12.9%,and 5.5%during the seedling to overwintering stages,respectively.The SPAD and crude protein of water deficient triticale significantly decreased by 14.9%and 13.8%during the turning green to jointing stage.The plant height,LAI,SPAD,and biomass of water deficient triticale significantly decreased by 23.5%,44.0%,13.2%,and 22.4%during the jointing and heading stages,respectively.The LAI,SPAD,and biomass of water deficient triticale significantly decreased by 24.0%,4.5%,and 23.8%during the heading to cutting period,respectively.The jointing to heading stage is the critical period for water requirement of triticale,during which water shortage has the greatest impact on biomass and quality.Adequate water irrigation should be carried out.The lack of water before the jointing stage has a relatively small impact on its biomass and quality.Although the heading cutting period is during the rainy season in the Lhasa Valley,proper supplementary irrigation is beneficial to ensure high and stable yield of triticale.Adequate water irrigation can lead to waste of water resources and lower water use efficiency,while moderate water irrigation has the highest cost-effectiveness.Through comprehensive analysis of various irrigation treatments,the grey correlation degree is ranked from high to low as follows:moderate water>sufficient water>water shortage during heading to cutting>water shortage during seedling to overwintering>water shortage during turning green to jointing>water shortage during jointing to heading.With 75%field capacity as the lower limit and 100%field capacity as the upper limit,the triticale in Lhasa Valley was irrigated for 15 times,with the irrigation amount of 352 mm and the highest biomass.With 65%field capacity as the lower limit and 100%field capacity as the upper limit,10 times of irrigation and irrigation were carried out,with the irrigation amount of 319 mm,and the overall quality was the highest.