脂肪酸复合物与绿原酸对蛋鸡生产性能与生理生化的影响

Effects of Fatty Acid Complexes and Chlorogenic Acid on Productive Performance,Physiology and Biochemistry of Laying Hens

【目的】探明功能性脂肪酸复合物和绿原酸对京粉1号蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和肠道形态的影响,为功能性脂肪酸复合物和绿原酸在蛋鸡生产上的应用提供依据。【方法】选择840羽15周龄京粉1号蛋鸡随机分为3个处理〔CK(饲喂基础日粮)、FFA(基础日粮中添加1000 mg/kg功能性脂肪酸复合物)和CA(基础日粮中添加25 mg/kg绿原酸)〕,预饲期2周,正试期12周,研究脂肪酸复合物与绿原酸对蛋鸡生产性能及生理生化的影响。【结果】京粉1号蛋鸡不同处理17~20周龄、21~24周龄和25~28周龄的产蛋率分别为52.25%~59.61%、92.75%~92.98%和90.31%~92.85%,产蛋量分别为24.39~27.70 g/(d·只)、47.17~47.99 g/(d·只)和49.22~49.67 g/(d·只),其中,17~20周龄FFA产蛋率和产蛋量显著大于CK。不同处理哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色和蛋壳厚度20周龄分别为84.14~90.44、6.53~7.46和0.28~0.30 mm,24周龄分别为71.69~80.01、5.23~5.56和0.32 mm,28周龄分别为84.22~90.60、4.63~4.90和0.33~0.34 mm,其中,20周龄FFA和CA的蛋黄颜色显著高于CK,CA蛋壳厚度显著小于CK,24周龄和28周龄FFA和CA哈氏单位显著高于CK。不同处理28周龄蛋鸡的肝脏指数、脾脏指数和腹脂指数分别为15.69~18.90 g/kg、1.04~1.06 g/kg和21.54~27.67 g/kg,其中,FFA和CA的肝脏指数显著低于CK。血清和组织的抗氧化力,20周龄蛋鸡血清GSH-Px活性,FFA(1867.84 U/mL)和CA(1773.22 U/mL)较CK(1630.87 U/mL)显著提高;20周龄H_(2)O_(2)含量FFA(490.41 mmol/L)和CA(959.64 mmol/L)较CK(1330.75 mmol/L)显著降低;28周龄CAT活性FFA(1.10 U/mL)和CA(2.64 U/mL)较CK(9.06 U/mL)显著降低;28周龄蛋鸡肝脏MDA和H_(2)O_(2)含量FFA(0.70 nmol/mg、22.42 mmol/L)和CA(0.73 nmol/mg、22.79 mmol/L)均较CK(1.14 nmol/mg、35.88 mmol/L)显著降低,空肠GSH-Px活性FFA(112.21 U/mg)和CA(125.52 U/mg)较CK(25.60 U/mg)显著提高,MDA含量FFA(0.86 nmol/mg)和CA(0.64 nmol/mg)较CK(1.18 nmol/mg)显著降低。20周龄蛋鸡血清IgG,FFA(188.45μg/mL)与CA(177.41μg/mL)较CK(147.60μg/mL)显著提高,24周龄和28周龄蛋鸡血清IgM,FFA(172.79μg/mL、172.79μg/mL)和CA(182.05μg/mL、182.05μg/mL)较CK(154.97μg/mL、154.97μg/mL)显著提高;24周龄和28周龄蛋鸡血清IgA,CA(45.83μg/mL)显著高于CK(32.54μg/mL)。不同处理28周龄蛋鸡空肠和回肠绒毛高分别为853.04~1251.85μm和622.85~925.08μm,空肠和回肠的FFA和CA显著大于CK;隐窝深分别为111.77~192.55μm和101.66~143.48μm,空肠FFA和CA、回肠FFA均显著小于CK;绒毛面积分别为125925.61~164099.28μm^(2)和79263.82~100243.80μm^(2),空肠的CA显著大于CK;绒毛高/隐窝深分别为4.75~11.76和4.64~9.64,空肠FFA和CA显著大于CK。【结论】京粉1号蛋鸡日粮中添加功能性脂肪酸复合物可提高产蛋初期(17~20周龄)的产蛋性能,添加功能性脂肪酸复合物与绿原酸可提高蛋鸡的蛋品质、机体抗氧化能力和血清免疫功能,改善肠道的形态结构。

【Objective】This study was conducted to investigate the effects of functional fatty acid complexes and chlorogenic acid on productive performance,egg quality,antioxidant capacity,immune status,and intestinal morphology of Jingfen No.1 laying hens,which provided basis for the application of functional fatty acid complex and chlorogenic acid in production of laying hens.【Method】A total of 84015-week-old Jingfen No.1 laying hens were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups〔CK(basal diet),FFA(basal diet+1000 mg/kg functional fatty acid complexes),CA(basal diet+25 mg/kg chlorogenic acid)〕,as the pre-feeding period was 2 weeks and the formal experiment lasted for 12 weeks,so that the influence of fatty acid complexes and chlorogenic acid to productive performance,physiology and chemistry were studied.【Result】With different treatments,the laying rate of 17-20 weeks old,21-24 weeks old,25-28 weeks old of Jingfen No.1 laying hens was 52.25%-59.61%,92.75%-92.98%and 90.31%-92.85%,respectively,and their egg quantities were 24.39-27.70 g/(d·per hen),47.17-47.99 g/(d·per hen)and 49.22-49.67 g/(d·per hen),and the laying rate and egg quantities of 17-20 weeks old hens treated with FFA were both significantly higher than CK.The Haugh unit,yolk color and eggshell thickness of 20-week-old laying hens under different treatments was 84.14-90.44,6.53-7.46 and 0.28-0.30 mm,respectively,while those of 24-week-old laying hens under different treatments was respectively 71.69-80.01,5.23-5.56 and 0.32 mm,and those of 28-week-old laying hens under different treatments was respectively 84.22-90.60,4.63-4.90 and 0.33-0.34 mm.The yolk color of 20-week-old laying hens treated with FFA and CA were both darker than CK,the eggshell thickness of 20-week-old laying hens treated with CA was thinner thant CK,and the Haugh unit of 24-week-old and 28-week-old laying hens treated with FFA and CA were higher than CK.The liver index,spleen index and abdominal fat index of 28 weeks old laying hens with different treatments was separately 15.69-18.90 g/kg,1.04-1.06 g/kg and 21.54-27.67 g/kg,among which the liver index of 28 weeks old laying hens treated with FFA and CK were lower than CK.The antioxidant capacity of serum and tissue in laying hens,and GSH-Px activity in serum of 20 weeks old laying hens treated with FFA(1867.84 U/mL)and CA(1773.22 U/mL)were higher than CK(1630.87 U/mL).H_(2)O_(2) content of 20-week-old laying hens treated with FFA(490.41 mmol/L)and CA(959.64 mmol/L)decreased significantly compared with CK(1330.75 mmol/L);CAT activity of 28-week-old laying hens treated with FFA(1.10 U/mL)and CA(2.64 U/mL)decreased significantly compared with CK(9.06 U/mL);MDA and H_(2)O_(2) content in liver of 28-week-old laying hens treated with FFA(0.70 nmol/mg and 22.42 mmol/L)and CA(0.73 nmol/mg and 22.79 mmol/L)decreased significantly compared with CK(1.14 nmol/mg and 35.88 mmol/L),and the GSH-Px activity in jejunum treated with FFA(112.21 U/mg)and CA(125.52 U/mg)increased obviously compared with CK(25.60 U/mg),while the MDA content treated with FFA(0.86 nmol/mg)and CA(0.64 nmol/mg)significantly decreased compared with CK(1.18 nmol/mg).Compared with CK(147.60μg/mL),the IgG in serum of 20 weeks old laying hens treated with FFA(188.45μg/mL)and CA(177.41μg/mL)obviously increased,and IgM in serum of 24-week-old and 28-week-old laying hens treated with FFA(172.79μg/mL,172.79μg/mL)and CA(182.05μg/mL,182.05μg/mL)were obviously higher than CK(154.97μg/mL,154.97μg/mL);IgA in serum of 24 weeks old and 28 weeks old laying hens treated with CA(45.83μg/mL)was significantly higher than CK(32.54μg/mL).The height of jejunum and ileum in 28-week-old laying hens under different treatments was 853.04-1251.85μm and 622.85-925.08μm individually,and their FFA and CA treatment were significantly higher than CK;The depth of recess were 111.77-192.55μm and 101.66-143.48μm,respectively,and recess in jejunum treated with FFA and CA,recess in ileum treated with FFA were obviously shallower than CK;The villus area were separately 125925.61-164099.28μm^(2)and 79263.82-100243.80μm^(2),among which the villus area in jejunum treated with CA was significantly larger than CK;The villus-height/recess-depth were 4.75-11.76 and 4.64-9.64,respectively,and villi-height/recess-depth of jejunum treated with FFA and CA were obviously higher than CK.【Conclusion】Adding functional fatty acid complex and chlorogenic acid to basal diet could improve the productive performance,egg quality,antioxidant capacity,serum immune function and intestinal morphology of Jingfen No.1 laying hens at early stage of laying(17 to 20 weeks old).