花椒在《千金要方》和《千金翼方》中的运用探析

A Probe into the Application of Huajiao in Qianjin Yaofang and Qianjin Yifang

目的:总结《备急千金要方》和《千金翼方》中含花椒方剂的记载,探讨花椒的功效、运用及配伍规律。方法:对上述著作中含有花椒的方剂进行统计整理,分析处方主治病种、方剂剂型、配伍药物分类等内容。结果:上述著作涉及花椒的方剂有198条,治疗的疾病涵盖内外妇儿及五官九窍疾症,并能用于预防传染病,配伍频次排名前10位的药物涵盖了温里药、补虚药、辛温解表药等,花椒配伍温里药可温中止痢、散寒止痛,配伍补虚药可散寒养血、补虚缓急,配伍辛温解表药可祛风散寒,通窍除痹。用法包括内服、外用,剂型有丸剂、散剂、汤剂、酒剂、膏剂、栓剂等。结论:《千金要方》和《千金翼方》中花椒具有温中补虚、解表散寒、逐湿止痹、温经通脉、辟瘟解毒的功效,运用广泛丰富,较全面地展示了汉唐时期花椒的用药特色,为现代临床中拓宽花椒的运用提供思路。

Objective To summarize the records of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the Prescription for Emergency Qianjin Yaofang and Qianjin Yifang,and to discuss the efficacy,application and compatibility of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.Methods Statistically sort out the prescriptions containing peppercorns in the above works,and analyze the contents of the prescriptions,prescriptions and dosage forms,and classification of compatible drugs.Results There are 198 prescriptions related to Huajiao in the above-mentioned books.The diseases treated include internal and external women and children,as well as the five sense organs and nine orifice diseases,and can be used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.The top 10 drugs in compatibility frequency include Wenli,Tonic drugs,pungent warming and relieving superficial medicines,etc.Zanthoxylum bungeanum is compatible with warming medicines to stop dysentery,dispelling cold and relieving pain,compatible with tonics to dispel cold and nourishing blood,nourishing the blood,tonic and dysfunction,and compatible with pungent warming and relieving surface medicines to dispel wind and dispel cold,Tongqiao except Bi.Usage includes oral and external use.The dosage forms are pills,powders,decoctions,wines,ointments,suppositories,etc.Conclusion Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Qianjin Yaofang and Qianjin Yifang has the functions of warming the middle and invigorating deficiency,relieving the appearance and dispelling cold,removing dampness and relieving numbness,warming the meridian,clearing up the pulse,and eliminating plague and detoxification.The medicine characteristics of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the Tang Dynasty provided ideas for broadening the use of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in modern clinical practice.