陆九渊攻朱熹的一个知识社会学分析

Lu Jiuyuan's Attack on Zhu Xi: An Analysis from Sociology of Knowledge

本文从知识社会学的视角分析陆九渊对朱熹的攻击。陆九渊甫一出道就名动士林,但亦面对朱熹学术的压力,这直接导致陆九渊对朱熹的回应由学术的对话转变成理学共同体内部的思想竞争。朱熹取守势,呈现出包容;陆九渊取攻势,决无妥协。在南宋结党已成为客观现实的背景下,学术思想的阐明、知识形态的塑造、理学共同体的认同、权力世界的斗争形成了错综复杂的关系,致使朱熹所撰《曹立之墓表》引发陆九渊对朱熹的攻击。通过对朱熹的攻击,陆九渊最后判定朱熹思想的核心是老学、话语是禅学、性质是伪学,同时彰显了自己对形而上学的拒斥。

This paper analyzes Lu Jiuyuan's criticism on Zhu Xi from the perspective of sociology of knowledge.Lu Jiuyuan gained fame early in the intellectual world,but he also faced pressure from Zhu Xi's academic influence,which directly led to the transformation of Lu's response from an academic dialogue to an internal competition in the Neo-Confucian community.Zhu Xi took a defensive stance and showed tolerance,while Lu Jiuyuan took an aggressive stance and refused to compromise.Against the backdrop of factionalism in the Southern Song Dynasty,the elucidation of academic thought,the shaping of knowledge forms,the recognition of the Neo-Confucian community,and the struggles in the world of power all formed complex relationships,which led to Lu Jiuyuan's attack on Zhu Xi's Cao Lizhi Mu Biao.Through his attack,Lu Jiuyuan ultimately defined that the core of Zhu Xi's thought was Daoism,its discourse was Zen Buddhism,and its nature was false learning,while also highlighting his rejection of metaphysics.