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大宪章与中世纪英格兰的议会请愿 被引量:2

Magna Carta and Parliamentary Petitions in Medieval England
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摘要 在中世纪后期,英格兰议会出现了一系列涉及大宪章的请愿活动,涵盖公共请愿与私人请愿。这些活动对于大宪章在议会乃至国家政治生活中的作用有生动的揭示。事实上,大宪章是国王与臣民通过议会请愿实现政治沟通交流的重要媒介。这种沟通交流充满张力,体现了双方出于自身利益需要所进行的政治博弈。一方面,请愿者广泛地使用大宪章,并结合各种策略来强化诉求的合理性,以实现维护自身权益的目的。另一方面,君主对请愿诉求的回应并非消极被动,而是会根据自身的利益需要和具体情况加以处理,并表现出总体的支持态度。整体来说,大宪章请愿活动所展现的政治互动机制具有合作共赢的特点,体现了以议会和大宪章为代表的制度和法律在国家治理中的突出作用。此格局的出现是中世纪晚期英格兰国家从传统的封建君主制向集权君主制转变的历史需要。 In the late Middle Ages,a large number of both common and private petitions involving Magna Carta emerged in the English parliament.A study of these activities can shed new light on the role of Magna Carta in the political life of the realm.In fact,Magna Carta was a key medium of the political communication between the king and its subjects through parliamentary petitions.The communication was full of tension,reflecting the political game between the two sides based on their own interests.On the one hand,petitioners made a wide use of Magna Carta and combined it with other petitioning tactics in order to highlight the reasonability of their claims and to safeguard their own rights and interests.On the other hand,the king did not simply treat these petitions in a passive way,but dealt with them according to their specific circumstances and its own interests,and showed an attitude generally supportive.As a whole,the political interaction between the two sides in these petitions was characterized by a win-win cooperation and reflected the prominent role of institution and law in state governance.The emergence of this political landscape derived from the transformation of the English state from a traditional feudal monarchy to a centralized monarchy in the late Middle Ages.
作者 许明杰 Xu Mingjie(Department of History,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处 《复旦学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第5期145-155,共11页 Fudan Journal(Social Sciences)
基金 国家社科基金青年项目“法律视角下中世纪晚期英格兰民众与国家关系研究”(项目批准号:19CSS002)的阶段性成果。
关键词 大宪章 议会请愿 中世纪英格兰 政治博弈 国家治理 Magna Carta parliamentary petitions medieval England political game state governance
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