乡村工业化地区聚落体系分布及时空演进——基于河南省长垣市、新乡县比较分析

Distribution and Spatiotemporal Evolution of Settlement Systems in Rural Industrialized Areas:Cases of Changyuan City and Xinxiang County,Henan Province

文章聚焦于乡村工业化地区,利用多源空间数据,运用齐夫指数、半径分形维数等方法,对河南省长垣市、新乡县的聚落规模分布、空间结构及中心地系统动态演进进行对比分析。研究发现:(1)长垣市、新乡县聚落体系位序—规模均服从幂次分布规律,但齐夫指数在工业化进程下呈现异质性演化特征,其中长垣市齐夫指数均小于0.8且增长缓慢,表现为大聚落发育不突出,中小聚落居多,新乡县齐夫指数趋近于1,呈现城市规模齐夫指数发育趋势;(2)比较两案例聚落体系齐夫指数变化速率发现,工业化中期阶段是演变速度发生转变时期;(3)聚落体系在空间结构上呈现显著分形特征,但在聚落体系分形特征演化上,长垣市与新乡县表现出由趋同性向趋异性变化;(4)两区域聚落中心地系统动态演进均表现出空间邻近效应并呈多等级中心地结构演进特征;(5)通过案例比较,聚落体系中心地数量关系随着工业化进程推进逐渐呈现为高级少低级多的“金字塔”结构,部分高等级中心城镇数量逐渐趋近中心地理论市场原则。

Taking the rural industrialized areas as the research areas,this study analyzes the spatial distribution and structure of the settlement systems,and the dynamic evolution of the central place system in the rural industrialized areas of China's central region using the Zipf index,the radius fractal dimension,and other methods based on the multi-source spatial data of Changyuan City and Xinxiang County in Henan province.The conclusions are as followings:1) The ranksize scale of the settlement system in Changyuan City and Xinxiang County conforms with the power law distribution,but the Zipf index exhibits heterogeneous evolution characteristics under the process of industrialization.The Xinxiang County's Zipf index is all less than 0.8 and growing slowly,showing a lack of prominent development of large settlements,with a majority of small and medium-sized settlements.The Xinxiang County' Zipf index is approaching 1,showing a trend of urban scale development.2) Comparing the change rate of the Zipf index between Changyuan City and Xinxiang County,it is found that the middle stage of industrialization is the period when the evolution rate of the rank-size of the settlement system changes.3) The settlement system presents different fractal characteristics in the spatial structure,but it shows a shift from convergence to divergence in the evolution of fractal characteristics in the settlement system Changyuan City and Xinxiang County.4) The dynamic evolution of the central place system of the settlements in rural industrialized areas demonstrates the spatial proximity effect and the hierarchical central-place structure.5) With the industrialization,the quantitative relation of the central place of the settlement system has gradually evolved into the "pyramid" structure featuring less high grades and more low grades,and the number of some high-level central cities and towns is gradually approaching the market principle of central place theory.