传统村落历史环境脆弱性主客观评价比较研究——以河南省南阳市为例

Comparison of Subjective and Objective Evaluations on Historical Environmental Vulnerability of Traditional Villages:A Case Study of Nanyang City,Henan Province

将传统村落脆弱性的客观评估与村民主观感知有机结合,有利于打通传统村落保护从政府供给端到民意反馈端的逻辑脉络,双向联动建立传统村落长效保护机制。基于传统建筑、历史环境要素、历史街巷、传统格局、村域自然环境等维度构建传统村落历史环境脆弱性评价指标体系,以河南省南阳市为例,运用CRITIC法、层次分析法及综合指数法对传统村落历史环境主客观脆弱性进行评价,并探明两者之间的适配性和差异性。研究表明:(1)传统村落历史环境客观脆弱性均值为0.51,高度、中度、低度脆弱性村落分别占比53.85%、30.77%和15.38%,分维度脆弱性为传统格局>历史街巷>历史环境要素>传统建筑>村域自然环境。(2)传统村落历史环境主观脆弱性均值为0.55,高度、中度、低度脆弱性村落分别占比46.15%、23.08%和30.77%,分维度脆弱性为传统格局>传统建筑>历史街巷>历史环境要素>村域自然环境。(3)历史环境主客观脆弱性的适配性存在尺度差异:从整体来看,76.92%的传统村落在主客观脆弱性上保持匹配,表明村民对历史环境脆弱性的客观事实具有一定的感知和判断能力,但分维度上主客观脆弱性失配问题严重,并在不同维度表现迥异。政府“见物不见人”的单一性保护供给与村民多元化诉求之间的错配失衡,是造成传统村落历史环境保护困境的根源所在,亟需以村民诉求为导向调整政府保护供给模式,以形成上下联动的保护合力,降低传统村落历史环境脆弱性。

This paper integrates the objective diagnosis of vulnerability of traditional villages with villagers' perceptions,which helps to open the logical vein of traditional village protection from the government supply to the villagers' feedback,and establishes a long-term protection mechanism for traditional villages.Based on the dimensions of traditional buildings,historical environment elements,historical alleys,traditional pattern,and natural environment of the village,this paper constructs an index system for evaluating the historical environmental vulnerability of traditional villages.Taking Nanyang City,Henan Province as the research area,it uses the CRITIC method,the hierarchical analysis method and the comprehensive index method to evaluate the subjective and objective vulnerability of historical environment of traditional villages and explore the suitability and difference between them.The study shows that:1) The average objective vulnerability of the historical environment in traditional villages is 0.51,villages with high,medium and low vulnerability account for 53.85%,30.77% and 15.38%,respectively.The order of sub-dimensional vulnerability from high to low value is traditional pattern,historical alleys,historical environment elements,traditional buildings and natural environment.2)The average subjective vulnerability of the historical environment in traditional villages is 0.55,villages with high,medium and low vulnerability account for 46.15%,23.08% and 30.77%%,respectively.The order of sub-dimensional vulnerability from high to low value is traditional pattern,traditional buildings,historical alleys,historical environment elements and natural environment.3) There are scale differences in the suitability of subjective and objective vulnerability in the historical environment of traditional villages,76.92% of traditional villages maintain a match in subjective and objective vulnerability,which indicates that villagers have a certain degree of perception and judgment ability towards the objective facts of historical environmental vulnerability.However,the mismatch between objective vulnerability and subjective vulnerability is serious in terms of dimensions.The mismatch between the government's material entity conservation and the villagers' diverse demands is the root cause of the dilemma in the protection of traditional villages,and there is an urgent need to adjust the government's conservation supply model according to the villagers' demands,so as to form a concerted conservation effort and reduce the vulnerability of the historical environment of traditional villages.