长日照型洋葱种质资源农艺及品质性状综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomy and Quality Traits of Onion Germplasm Resources of Long-day Ecotype

以来自不同地区的88份长日照型洋葱种质资源为参试材料,通过变异分析、多样性指数分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,对29个农艺性状和5个品质性状进行综合评价。结果显示:29个农艺性状在洋葱群体内存在丰富的变异,品质性状黄酮含量的变异系数最大,为64.79%,鳞茎横径、鳞芽数的多样性指数最大,为1.53,质量性状肉质鳞片颜色变异系数最高,为140.69%,鳞茎膜质皮颜色的多样性指数最高,为1.18;9个表型性状和5个品质性状相关性结果显示,各性状间相关性较高,相互影响较大;主成分分析结果显示,鳞茎茎粗、假茎外皮色、花薹数、花薹高、花药颜色、叶面蜡粉、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量是洋葱性状变异的主要因素,并通过综合得分(F值)获得综合排名前10的品种;系统聚类将洋葱种质分为2类,第Ⅰ类群为丰产性较差的类群,第Ⅱ类群为鳞茎纵径、鳞茎横径、盘状茎横径较大,肉质鳞片数较多,VC、黄酮、有机硫化物含量较高,产量较高的类群,具有较大的生产潜力。

The diversity of 29 agronomic traits and 5 quality traits were evaluated in 88 onion germplasm accessions from different regions,followed by the variation coefficient analysis,Shannon-wienter index analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that onion resources had rich variation at 29 agronomic traits.The variation coefficient of flavonoid content was the largest(64.79%).The bulb transverse diameter and scale bud number showed the largest diversity index(1.53).The variation coefficient of the flesh scale color was the largest(140.69%).The bulb membranous cortex performed the highest diversity index(1.18).Nine phenotypic traits and 5 quality traits exhibited significant correlation.The principal component analysis showed that ten traits including the bulb diameter,pseudostem outer skin color,number of flower stems,flower stem height,anther color,leaf wax powder,soluble sugar content,and soluble protein content were the main factors that largely contributed to the phenotypic variation.Based on the principal component analysis and comprehensive score(F-value),the top 10 onion accessions were obtained.These onion germplasm resources were divided into two groups by systematic clustering analysis.The onion accessions in the first group showed low yield,nevertheless,the second group had a greater production potential with larger bulb vertical diameter,bulb transverse diameter,bulb transverse diameter,more fleshy scales,and higher VC,flavonoid,organic sulfide content.