黄淮海地区蔬菜尾菜产生系数测算及资源台账构建研究

Measurement and Calculation of Vegetable Waste Production Coefficient in Huang-Huai-Hai Region and Studies on Resource Account Construction

针对蔬菜尾菜存在的资源底数不清、利用方向不明等问题,探索建立科学规范的蔬菜尾菜产生系数测算方法,明确系数推荐值范围,并以北京市昌平区为例构建了蔬菜尾菜资源台账。研究表明:黄淮海地区典型蔬菜尾菜的产生系数在0.9%~10.7%之间,可收集系数在0.22~0.93之间,收获时的含水率均在80%以上,不同蔬菜尾菜的产生系数、可收集系数、含水率存在很大差异;与以藤蔓为主的瓜果类、豆类、茄果类尾菜相比,叶菜类尾菜的收集难度更大。2021年北京市昌平区尾菜理论资源量为1.48万t(鲜质量),可收集量为1.12万t,尾菜综合利用率约为55.39%,市场化主体利用占比超过90%,直接还田量约为8%,农户分散利用量仅占不到2%;利用途径基本为肥料化利用,占比高达99.69%。综上,我国蔬菜尾菜离田利用方式以肥料化为主,整体资源化利用水平仍较低。

Directing at the problems of unclear resource base and unknown utilization direction of vegetable waste,this study explored the measuring and calculating method for building scientific and standardized vegetable waste production coefficient;specified the recommended value range of the coefficient;and constructed resource account of vegetable waste by taking Changping District of Beijing as an example.Researches indicated that the production coefficient of typical vegetables waste in Huang-Huai-Hai region was between 0.9%-10.7%;collectable coefficient was between 0.22-0.93.The moisture content at harvest was all above 80%.There were big differences among production coefficient,collectable coefficient and moisture content of different vegetables waste.Compared with the waste mainly vines of fruits,beans and jackets,the collection of leafy vegetable waste was more difficult.The theoretical resource amount of vegetable waste in Changping District of Beijing was about 14800 t(fresh weight)and collectable amount was about 11200 t in 2021.The comprehensive utilization rate of vegetable waste was about 55.39%.Market main body utilization proportion was over 90%.The amount of directly returning to field was about 8%,and amount of dispersed utilization by farmer household only accounted for less than 2%.The usage way was basically fertilizer utilization,accounting for up to 99.69%.To sum up,the main utilization method of vegetable waste removing from the field was fertilization in China and the overall reutilization level of was still relatively low.