血液透析患者饮食治疗态度的现状及影响因素分析

The status and infuencing factors of attitu de to dietary therapy in hemo dialysis patients

目的:了解血液透析患者饮食治疗态度的现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:便利选取2019年3月至4月在天津市某三级甲等医院肾脏病血液净化中心门诊进行血液透析的患者285例,采用一般资料调查表、血液透析患者饮食治疗态度量表、正性负性情绪量表、疾病感知问卷简化版、终末期肾脏病饮食知识问卷及社会支持评定量表进行调查。结果:血液透析患者的饮食治疗态度总分为40.0(37.0,43.0)分;饮食治疗态度适中者居多,共150例(52.6%);多元逐步回归分析显示,社会支持、饮食知识、疾病感知、饮酒、男性及本人负责备餐为其饮食治疗态度的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:血液透析患者饮食治疗态度处于中等以上水平。临床中应针对不同患者及其家属提供科学有效的个性化健康教育方案,及时关注患者情绪,积极与男性尤其饮酒的患者及本人负责备餐的患者沟通,改变不良生活习惯。

Objective:To investigate the status of attitude to dietary therapy in hemodialysis(HD)patients and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 285 participants who underwent HD treatment in the outpatient department of kidney disease blood purification center of a Class A tertiary hospital in Tianjin were recruited by convenience sampling method from March 2019 to April 2019.The general information questionnaire,the Attitude Scale for the Dietary Therapy of Hemodialysis Patients(ASDTH),the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS),the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire(BIPQ),the end stage renal disease dietary knowledge questionnaire,and the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)were used to the investigation.Results:The total score of attitude to dietary therapy in HD patients was 40.0(37.0,43.0).There were 150 patients(52.6%)with moderate dietary therapy attitude.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that social support,dietary knowledge,illness perception,drinking,male,and preparing food by oneself were influencing factors of attitude to dietary therapy in HD patients(P<0.05).Conclusion:Attitude to dietary therapy in HD patients is at the above medium level.It suggests that scientific and effective personalized health education programs should be provided to different patients and their families in clinical working.Patients’emotions should be given attention in time and patients who are male especially with drinking and in charge of food by themselves should be given more active communication,so as to change unhealthy lifestyle habits.