结构性引导:民办社会工作组织与政府关系新释

Structural Guidance:A New Interpretation of the Government Relationship Between Non-governmental Social Work Organizations and the Government

民办社会工作组织经多年发展已进入新阶段,重新审视、定义其与政府间的关系,对我国社会治理创新、现代社会工作制度建构、社会组织健康发展均具有重要意义。通过文献梳理发现,当前研究范式有以下弊端:其一,在解释中国政府与非营利组织的关系中,存在着缺少基础和立场、宏观界定难以解释具体现实、静态分析忽视了非营利组织能动作用的结构性倾向研究的困境;其二,非营利组织的行动研究明显呈现积极和消极两类对立观点。由此,提出以结构化理论为分析框架,以资源依赖理论为具体分析方法的新框架。分析发现:民办社工机构的诞生、发展无不依附于政府的资源与政策,但机构亦有能动性,通过主动介入重塑环境以适应其成长;民办社工组织与政府之间的关系呈现结构性引导的特征。

After many years of development,non-government social work organizations have entered a new stage.To review and define the relationship between the organizations and the government is of great significance for the innovation of social governance,the construction of modern social work system and the healthy development of social organizations.Through literature review,it is found that the disadvantages of the current research paradigm are as follows:firstly,there are some difficulties in explaining the relationship between the government and non-profit organizations,that are the lacking of foundation and position,and the macro definition is difficult to explain the concrete reality,and static analysis ignores the dynamic role of non-profit organizations.Secondly,the action research of non-profit organizations obviously presents two kinds of opposing viewpoints:positive and negative.Therefore,a new framework based on structural theory and resource dependence theory is proposed.The analysis shows that the birth and development of non-governmental social work organizations are all dependent on government resources and policies,but the organizations also have initiative to reshape the environment through active intervention to adapt to their growth.The characteristics of structural guidance between non-governmental social work organizations and government are presented.