嵌入与脱嵌:政府购买养老服务中的双重管理逻辑

Embeddedness and Disembedness:Dual Management Logic in Government Purchase of Elderly Care Services

政府购买服务是我国养老服务供给的主要形式,但比照新公共管理理论,可以发现理论与实践之间的偏差,包括缺乏竞争性、合同完整性和绩效评估效力不足,这意味着需要基于本土实践对相关理论进行拓展。养老服务的复杂属性使政府的购买行为呈现嵌入与脱嵌的“双向运动”特征,并在管理上产生正式规则和非正式关系的双重管理逻辑。为分析双重管理逻辑如何运行,选取S市为典型案例,指出正式规则和非正式关系可以实现融合并相互促进,从而推动养老服务供给高质量发展。总结理论与实践,认为我国政府购买养老服务在管理上须超越纯粹市场逻辑,注重信任关系构建,包括在信任基础上建立合同关系、基于自由裁量权细化合同条款,打造服务品牌以提升服务绩效。

Government services purchasing is the main form of elderly care service supply in China,but there is a deviation between theory and practice when compared with the New Public Management Theory,including the lack of competition,incomplete contracts,and ineffective performance evaluation.Explaining this deviation requires expanding the existing theory based on local practices.The complexity of elderly care services results in a two-way movement of embedding and disembedding features in government purchasing behavior,which leads to a dual management logic of formal rules and informal relationships.To analyze how the dual management logic is implemented,S city was selected as a typical case,where formal rules and informal relationships can be highly integrated and mutually reinforced,so as to promoting the improvement of service supply quality.Based on the summary of theory and practice,this paper proposes that Chinas government purchasing of elderly care services needs to break away from a single market logic in management,and focus on building trust-based relationships.It includes establishing contractual relationships based on trust,refining contract terms based on discretionary power,and creating a service brand to improve service performance.