精神障碍患者复原力提升的社会工作干预研究

Social Work Intervention Pathway for Improving Resilience in Patients with Mental Disorders

生物医学研究的发展和残疾康复理念的创新为精神障碍患者服务模式的建构指引方向。精神力量的外在培育和内部挖掘成为精神卫生社会工作的服务焦点和研究趋势。复原力作为协调个体与环境互动关系的能力,能够帮助患者在面对创伤困境时进行自我修复和积极改变。本研究遵循复原力理论指导,运用参与式观察法和半结构式访谈法,根据不同的精神障碍患者表现划分出三种复原样态:疾病复原型、家庭复原型和交往复原型。而精神障碍患者类型的不同意味着实践策略的特殊性与精细化。基于此,培育精神障碍患者复原力的社会工作干预可将患者适应创伤事件的能力作为切入点,分别从自我弹性、家庭弹性和人际弹性出发,关注患者的特殊需要,设计复原机制。

The development of biomedical research and the innovation of disability rehabilitation concept guide the construction of service models for patients with mental disorders.The external cultivation and internal excavation of mental strength have become the focus and research trend of mental health social work.Resilience is the ability to coordinate the interaction between the individual and the environment,which can help patients to self-repair and positively change in the face of traumatic difficulties.Following the guidance of resilience theory,this study uses participatory observation method and semi-structured interview method to divide into three recovery patterns according to the performance of patients with different mental disorders:disease recurrence prototype,family recurrence prototype and communication recurrence prototype.The different types of patients with mental disorders mean the particularity and refinement of practical strategies.Based on this,social work intervention to cultivate the resilience of patients with mental disorders can take the ability of patients to adapt to traumatic events as the entry point,start from self-resilience,family resilience and interpersonal resilience,pay attention to the special needs of patients,and design the recovery mechanism.