艰难起步、土法上马与“自我否定”:汉语盲文及其出版技术的演变

Difficult Start,Technological Localization and“Self-denying”:The Evolution of Chinese Braille and Publishing Technology

汉语盲文是中国视障人士认识世界主要方式之一。然而直到19世纪末,西方的六点制盲文才开始传入中国,产生了“康熙盲文”与“心目克明”盲文等影响深远的旧盲字。由于种种原因其传播过程与出版技术并未被全面接受,仍然存在许多问题。直至20世纪50年代,黄乃先生开始对“现行盲文”进行改造,与中国本土结合,以铅字印刷完善盲文出版技术。虽然这一过程取得较好的成效,但仍遇到诸多挑战。之后,黄乃先生不断进行“自我否定”,以“双拼盲文”的制定标准规范了盲文出版流程,最终使得六点制盲文在中国落地生根。通过梳理和分析相关文献,能够发现汉语盲文与盲文出版技术之间的复杂关联,并就汉语盲文与盲文出版技术演变历程中的几个关键转折节点进行深入分析,阐明其中汉语盲文的发展规律与技术变迁造成的影响。

Chinese Braille is one of the most important ways for the Chinese visually impaired people to understand the world.However,it was not until the 19th century that Western six-dot Braille began to be introduced into China,resulting in far-reaching old Braille such as“Kangxi Braille”and“Xin mu ke ming Braille”.For various reasons,its dissemination process and publishing technology have not been fully accepted,and there are still many problems.It wasn’t until the 1950s that Huang Nai began to transform the“Current Braille System”,combining it with Chinese reality and perfecting Braille publishing technology with movable type.Although this process has achieved good results,there are still many challenges.Afterwards,the visually impaired group represented by Huang Nai continued to carry out“self-denying”,and standardized the Braille publishing process with the“Dual-unit Braille System”standard,which finally made the six-point Braille take root in China.By combing and analyzing relevant literature,we can discover the complex relationship between Chinese Braille and Braille publishing technology,and conduct an in-depth analysis of several key turning points in the evolution of Chinese Braille and Braille publishing technology,and clarify the development of Chinese Braille laws and the impact of technological change.