冠心病病人院前自救能力现状及影响因素分析

Status quo and influencing factors of prehospital self-rescue ability in patients with coronary heart disease

目的:探讨冠心病病人院前自救能力现状及影响因素。方法:将189例冠心病病人作为研究对象,通过院前自救能力问卷调查病人的自救能力,根据自救能力评分分为高能力组和低能力组。对比2组社会人口学特征、既往史、疾病认知情况,并采用多元线性回归分析影响自救能力的相关因素。结果:189份问卷调查表中,剔除无效问卷3份,最终获得有效问卷186份,其中高能力组(89例),低能力组组(97例);2组年龄、性别、是否独居、受教育水平、居住地对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),体质量指数、民族、婚姻状况、月收入、是否有医保对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组有无脑血管疾病、高血脂、冠心病家族史对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),有无糖尿病、高血压对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组疾病认知程度、接受过相关培训、自救信息、自救知识来源对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、疾病认知程度缺乏、自救知识来源于家人、自救信息来源来源于宣传栏显著负向影响冠心病病人院前自救能力,病程、有自救培训经历显著正向影响冠心病病人院前自救能力(P<0.05~P<0.01)。结论:年龄大、疾病认知程度缺乏、自救知识来源于家人和自救信息来源于宣传栏的病人院前自救能力低,病程长、有自救培训经历者院前自救能力高。

Objective:To explore the current situation and influencing factors of prehospital self-rescue ability in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:A total of 189 patients with coronary heart disease were selected as the research object,and the self-rescue ability of the patients was investigated through the pre-hospital self-help ability questionnaire.The patients were divided into the high ability group and the low ability group according to the self-rescue ability score.The sociodemographic characteristics,past history,and disease cognition of the two groups were compared,and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the related factors affecting self-rescue ability.Results:Among the 189 questionnaires,3 invalid questionnaires were excluded,and 186 valid questionnaires were finally obtained,including the high-ability group(89 cases)and the low-ability group(97 cases).There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in age,gender,whether to live alone,education level and place of residence(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in body mass index,ethnicity,marital status,monthly income,and medical insurance(P>0.05).The difference between the two groups with or without cerebrovascular disease,hyperlipidemia,and family history of coronary heart disease was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the difference between the two groups with or without diabetes and hypertension was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The difference in disease awareness,relevant training,self-rescue information and sources of self-rescue knowledge between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,lack of disease awareness,self-rescue knowledge from family members and self-rescue information sources from propaganda boards significantly negatively affected the pre-hospital self-rescue ability of coronary heart disease patients.In addition,the course of disease and self-rescue training experience had a significant positive impact on coronary heart disease.The prehospital self-rescue ability of patients with heart disease(P<0.05 to P<0.01).Conclusions:Patients with older age,lack of disease awareness,self-rescue knowledge from family members and self-rescue information from propaganda boards had low pre-hospital self-rescue ability,while those with long disease duration and self-rescue training experience had the higher pre-hospital self-rescue ability.