m6A甲基化调控骨代谢防治骨质疏松症的作用机制

Mechanism of m6A methylation regulating bone metabolism for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

背景:骨质疏松症发病机制复杂,其本质是各种原因导致的骨形成减弱和骨吸收增强,引起骨代谢失衡。近年来研究发现N6-甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)甲基化可以通过调控骨代谢,达到防治骨质疏松的目的。目的:以m6A甲基化调控骨代谢作为切入点,对m6A甲基化在骨质疏松症中的相关研究进展进行系统性的整理和归纳,为寻找骨质疏松症新的治疗靶点提供一定的理论参考依据。方法:查阅国内外数据库,从各数据库建立至2023年发表的相关文献,设置中文检索词为“骨质疏松症,m6A甲基化,骨代谢,骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨细胞,破骨细胞”等,英文检索词为“Osteoporosis,m6A methylation,Bone metabolism,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts”等,检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、MEDLINE、Nature及Cochrane数据库,排除重复及陈旧无参考意义的文献,通过纳入和排除标准共纳入73篇标准文献进行探讨。结果与结论:①m6A甲基化可以通过多种途径影响骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞的活性及分化过程,调节骨代谢防治骨质疏松症;②m6A甲基化的调节过程极为复杂,其相关蛋白在不同的细胞中发挥不同的作用,甚至在同种细胞内,同类型的蛋白也会发生截然不同的作用,调控着不同的生理及病理过程。

BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is complex,and its essence is the weakening of bone formation and the enhancement of bone absorption caused by various reasons,resulting in the imbalance of bone metabolism.In recent years,N6-methyladenosine has been found(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)methylation can prevent and treat osteoporosis by regulating bone metabolism.OBJECTIVE:Taking the regulation of bone metabolism by m6A methylation as an entry point,to systematically sort out and summarize the research progress of m6A methylation in osteoporosis,so as to provide certain theoretical reference bases for the search of new therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,VIP,PubMed,MEDLINE,Nature,and Cochrane databases were retrieved for relevant literature published from database inception to 2023.The keywords were“osteoporosis,m6A methylation,bone metabolism,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts”in Chinese and English.Duplicates and obsolete non-referenced documents were excluded,and a total of 73 standard papers were included for further review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:m6A methylation can affect the activity and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,and osteoclasts through various pathways to regulate bone metabolism and prevent osteoporosis.The regulatory process of m6A methylation is extremely complex,and its related proteins play different roles in different cells.Even in the same kind of cells,the same type of proteins may have radically different roles,regulating different physiological and pathological processes.