下肢相对力量水平激活后增强效应对运动表现影响的Meta分析

A meta-analysis of the effect of post-activation potentiation on athletic performance after activation of lower-extremity relative strength levels

目的:激活后增强效应对运动表现的影响特征主要是肌肉活动能力增强、肌肉力量产生速率提高等方面。文章通过Meta分析定量评价下肢相对力量水平激活后增强效应对冲刺速度、跳跃表现和动力学参数(峰值冲量、峰值功率、最大地面反作用力和力的生成速率等)的影响效果。方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、万方、Web of Science、PubMed和Medline数据库关于下肢相对力量水平诱导激活后增强效应的随机对照、随机交叉或明确按照下肢相对力量水平分组(非随机对照试验)的研究,各组干预方法主要以自由质量器械和快速伸缩复合练习等为措施,文献发表时间为各数据库建库至2023-08-05,使用EndNote软件管理文献,随机对照试验按照PEDro量表、非随机对照试验按照ROBINS-I 2.0标准进行文献质量评价,采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 15.0软件对所提取的数据进行发表偏倚评价、亚组分析及敏感性分析,并制作森林图进行Meta分析。结果:①最终纳入11篇文献,包括7项随机对照试验和4项非随机对照试验,共216名受试者,整体文献的方法学质量较高。②按照1次最大重复量/体质量(1RM/BM)>2为强壮组99人、1RM/BM≤2为普通组117人,均为男性受试者。③Meta分析结果显示,强壮组激活后增强效应对短跑表现的积极效果显著高于普通组(SMD=-1.34,95%CI:-1.74至-0.93,P<0.00001);强壮组激活后增强效应对垂直跳跃高度的影响与普通组相比差异无显著性意义(SMD=0.30,95%CI:-0.07-0.66,P=0.11);强壮组激活后增强效应对峰值冲量(SMD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.62-0.47,P=0.61)、峰值功率(SMD=0.21,95%CI:-0.29-0.72,P=0.12)、最大地面反作用力(SMD=0.31,95%CI:-0.20-0.81,P=0.16)及力的生成速率(SMD=0.36,95%CI:-0.11-0.82,P=0.39)的积极效果与普通组相比差异无显著性意义。结论:现有的试验证据表明,强壮组激活后增强效应能够显著提高短距离冲刺速度,下肢相对力量水平激活后增强效应对爆发性垂直跳跃高度、峰值冲量、峰值功率、最大地面反作用力以及力的生成速率等运动学和动力学参数指标的影响效果类似。

OBJECTIVE:The effect of post-activation potentiation on sports performance is characterized by increased muscle mobility and increased rate of muscle force generation.In this paper,Meta-analysis is used to quantitatively evaluate the effects of post-activation potentiation on sprint speed,jumping performance,and kinetic parameters(peak impulse,peak power,maximum ground reaction force,rate of force generation,etc.)after activation of relative strength levels in the lower limbs.METHODS:Electronic databases such as CNKI,WanFang,Web of Science,PubMed,and Medline were retrieved for randomized control,random crossover,or clear grouping according to the relative strength levels of the lower limbs(non-randomized controls)on the post-activation potentiation effect after activation induced by the relative strength level of the lower limbs.Free weight equipment and rapid telescopic compound exercises were used as main intervention methods in each group.The publication time of the literature was from the inception of each database until August 5,2023.Endnote software was used to manage the literature.Literature quality assessment was conducted using the PEDro scale for randomized controlled trials and ROBINS-I 2.0 standards for nonrandomized controlled trials.Revman5.4 and Stata15.0 software were used to conduct publication bias evaluation,subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis of the extracted data,and forest plots were produced for Meta-analysis.RESULTS:Eleven documents(seven randomized controlled trials and four non-randomized controlled trials)were finally included,including 216 subjects.Overall,the methodological quality of the literature was high.According to the grouping standard of 1-repetition maximum/body mass>2 for the strong group and 1-repetition maximum/body mass≤2 for the normal group,there were 99 subjects in the strong group and 117 subjects in the normal group,all of whom were male.The positive effect of post-activation potentiation on sprint performance in the strong group was significantly higher than that in the normal group[standardized mean difference(SMD)=-1.34,95%confidence interval(CI):-1.74 to-0.93,P<0.00001];the positive effect of post-activation potentiation on vertical jump height showed no significant difference between the strong and normal group(SMD=0.30,95%CI:-0.07 to 0.66,P=0.11);the positive effect of post-activation potentiation showed no significant difference between the strong and normal groups in terms of peak impulse(SMD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.62 to 0.47,P=0.61),peak power(SMD=0.21,95%CI:-0.29 to 0.72,P=0.12),maximum ground reaction force(SMD=0.31,95%CI:-0.20 to 0.81,P=0.16)and force generation rate(SMD=0.36,95%CI:-0.11 to 0.82,P=0.39).CONCLUSION:The post-activation potentiation effect in the strong group can significantly increase the short-distance sprint speed.The potentiation effect after activation of the relative strength level of the lower limbs has similar effects on the kinematic and kinetic parameters,including explosive vertical jump height,peak impulse,peak power,maximum ground reaction force and force generation rate.