超人类主义会损害平等吗?——驳福山的生物保守主义观点

Would Transhumanism Impair Equality?-A Refutation of Fukuyama's Bio-conservative View

超人类主义主张依靠科技手段从根本上超越人自身的生物极限以改善人的境况;但以福山为代表的生物保守主义者担忧,这一方案将从根本上触动人的本质,以及建基于其上的人的平等和尊严。本文则力图指出:福山所主张的“自然权利”理论将允许权利分配的等级制度;并且,由于他对人的本质及其与平等的关系的错误理解,福山反对超人类主义之论证的两个关键前提是错误的,因此他的整个论证不能成功。

Transhumanism proposes to overcome fundamental human limits using science and technology,to improve fundamentally the human condition.But bioconservatives,among whom Fukuyama is a well-known representative,fear this transhumanist project would cause us in some way to lose our human nature and thus the universal human equality based on it.In this paper,I shall argue that the so-called“natural right”theory that Fukuyama advocates will allow a hierarchy of rights;and that the two crucial premises of Fukuyams'argument are false and therefore his whole argument against transhumanism concerning equality fails,due to his improper understanding of human nature and its relation with equality.