实践理性与自主性

Practical Reason and Autonomy

康德主义者认为实践理性的原则除了工具理性原则之外还有绝对命令这一原则。他们认为,正是因为人类的反思自我意识能把自我和自我的欲望区分开来,所以人类需要遵循绝对命令来重新构建起自我,成为一个统一的行动者。而构建自我体现的就是自主性。本文将试图表明自主性并不像一些康德主义者想象的那样必须遵循绝对命令才能实现,但这种没有遵循绝对命令而实现的自主性反而会导致自主性的消亡,而这也恰好体现了实践非理性的行为。因此对实践理性康德式的理解依然是合理的。

According to Kantianists'idea,the categorical imperative is the principle of practical reason besides the instrumental principle.Human beings need to follow the categorical imperative to re-constitute self because of reflective self-consciousness which makes us be able to distinguish ourselves and desires in us.And self-constitution represents autonomy.In this paper,I'll try to argue that we don't have to follow the categorical principle in order to achieve autonomy,however,this kind of autonomy would lead to heteronomy.And this is what practically irrational action is.Therefore,the Kantian account of practical reason is still on the right track.