论恩格斯自然辩证法理论的三重批判

On the Triple Critique of Engels'Theory of Dialectics of Nature

恩格斯的自然辩证法理论蕴含了本体论、认识论、方法论三个层面的哲学批判。在本体论层面,恩格斯以“物质”概念为核心,确立了其自然辩证法理论的唯物主义性质,阐释了“感性之物”对“思想之物”的批判。在认识论层面,恩格斯论述了立足于生产劳动实践形式的新自然观,从现实基础、表现形式、内在逻辑和实践证明四方面,阐释了新自然观对形而上学自然观的批判。在方法论层面,恩格斯通过论述客观辩证法和主观辩证法、现实性和合理性、自然规律和思维规律的关系,阐释了“作为科学的辩证法”对黑格尔辩证法的批判,凸显了自然辩证法理论的实践性、历史性与革命性。

Engels'theory of dialectics of nature implies philosophical critique from three dimensions which include ontology,epistemology and method-ology.From the ontological dimension,Engels centers on the concept of“material”,confirms the materialistic nature of his theory of dialectics of nature,and explains the criticism of the“sensuous thing”to the“thinking thing”.From the epistemological dimension,Engels discusses the new view of nature based on the practical form of productive labor.He also explains the criticism of the new view of nature to the metaphysical view of nature in four aspects:realistic basis,pattern of manifestation,internal logic and practical proof.From the methodological dimension,Engels discusses the relations between objective dialectics and subjective dialectics,reality and rationality,rule of nature and rule of thoughts.He also explains the criticism of his“dialectics as science”to Hegel's dialectics,which highlights the practical,historical and revolutionary characters of the theory of dialectics of nature.