论宋儒叶梦得对汉唐《左传》学之批判——以其对《左传》、杜预的批判为例

An Analysis of Ye Mengde's Criticism of Zuo Zhuan in Han and Tang Dynasties-With the criticism of Zuo Zhuan and Du Yu as an example

自中唐新《春秋》学兴起以来,对汉唐三传之学的批判构成新《春秋》学构建其学术体系的一个重要方面,啖助学派及北宋《春秋》学家都对三传展开批判,其中两宋之际的《春秋》学家叶梦得对三传之学的批判尤为深入。在《左传》学上,基于“《左氏》传事不传义,是以详于史,而事未必实,以不知经故也”的基本立场,其对汉唐《左传》学做了系统批判。在他看来,造成《左传》学这些问题的根本原因是《左传》不传经。从更深的层次来看,叶梦得对汉唐《左传》学的批判源于其对“传”之解经属性的判定。在他看来,解经不可偏执一家,而应博学多闻、慎乎所择。他的这种立场和方法反映出,其对三传的批判仍然是在中唐以来新《春秋》学演进的脉络中展开。正是在此意义上,其对《左传》的批判并非要彻底否弃《左传》,而是试图择善而从,发明经义。

Since the new study of Chun Qiu in the Mid-Tang Dynasty,the criticism of Chun Qiu Studies in the Han and Tang Dynasties has constituted an important aspect of the new study of Chun Qiu in building its academic system.DanZhu school and scholars studying Chun Qiu in the Northern Song Dynasty criticized the three biographies of Chun Qiu.Among these scholars,Ye Mengde's criticism of the theory of three biographies was particularly profound.He believed that Zuo Zhuan only recorded historical events,but did not understand the ideas of Chun Qiu.According to this basic idea,he made a systematic criticism of the study of Zuo Zhuan in the Han and Tang Dynasties.He believed that the fundamental reason for the misinterpretation of Zuo Zhuan was that Zuo Zhuan was not a biography of Chun Qiu.From a deeper ideological per-spective,Ye Mengde's criticism of Zuo Zhuan in the Han and Tang Dynasties originated from his judgment of the attribute of“Zhuan”(传)to interpret scrip-ture.He believed that interpretation of scripture should not be paranoid about any one aspect,but should be knowledgeable and selective.His position and method reflected that his criticism of the three biographies was still the research style of the new study of Chun Qiu since the Mid-Tang Dynasty.It can be seen that his criticism of Zuo Zhuan was not to completely reject it,but to try to better explain Chun Qiu.