农机生产服务集聚对农业生态效率的影响因素研究——以西北地区为例

The Influence of Agglomeration of Agricultural Machinery Production Service on Agro-ecological Efficiency——Taking the Northwest Region as an Example

剖析农机生产服务集聚对农业生态效率的影响,有助于实现农业绿色低碳转型和高质量发展。文章基于2005—2020年西北地区51个市级面板数据,利用超效率SBM模型测度农业生态效率,借助空间杜宾模型检验在地理邻接、地理距离和经济距离权重矩阵下农机生产服务集聚对农业生态效率的影响。研究表明:(1)2005—2020年西北地区农业生态效率保持递增趋势但地区间发展失衡;农业生态效率的莫兰值均通过了显著性检验且呈现“高—高集聚”和“低—低集聚”的分异格局。(2)在三种矩阵作用下农机生产服务集聚既对本地区农业生态效率产生正向影响,还通过空间关联对其邻近地区农业生态效率产生正向溢出效应。(3)通过非线性检验发现,农机生产服务集聚对农业生态效率的影响呈现倒“U”形曲线;技术进步在二者之间具有较强的中介效应,在更换回归样本情况下实证结果仍具稳健性。因此,文章提出西北地区应把握区域农机空间关联规律,推动区域农机高质量发展,优化资源配置,科学布局农机产业,并从农民满意度和财政支农等方面提高农业生态效率。

Analyzing the impact of the agglomeration of agricultural machinery production service on agro-ecological efficiency can help achieve green,low-carbon transformation and high-quality development of agriculture.Based on panel data from 51 cities in the northwest region from 2005 to 2020,this paper measures agro-ecological efficiency with the super efficiency SBM model and tests the impact of agglomeration of agricultural machinery production service on agro-ecological efficiency under the weight matri⁃ces of geographical adjacency,geographical distance,and economic distance with the help of spatial Durbin model.The results are as follows.(1)the agro-ecological efficiency in Northwest China maintains an increasing trend from 2005 to 2020 but the develop⁃ment is unbalanced between regions;the Moran values of agricultural ecological efficiency all pass the significance test and show the divergent patterns of“high-high agglomeration”and“low-low agglomeration”.(2)In all three matrices,the Moran values of agro-ecological efficiency passed the significance test and showed the divergent patterns of“high-high concentration”and“low-low concentration”.Under the action of the three matrices,the agglomeration of agricultural machinery production services has a positive impact on the agro-ecological efficiency of the region,and also has a positive spillover effect on the agro-ecological effi⁃ciency of its neighboring regions through spatial association.(3)The non-linear test reveals that the impact of agricultural machin⁃ery production service agglomeration on agro-ecological efficiency shows an“inverted U”curve;technological progress has a strong mediating effect between the two,and the empirical results are still robust when the regression samples are changed.There⁃fore,this paper suggests that Northwest China should grasp the law of regional agricultural machinery spatial correlation,promote the high-quality development of regional agricultural machinery,optimize resource allocation,scientifically lay out the agricultural machinery industry,and promote the improvement of agricultural eco-efficiency in terms of farmers’satisfaction and financial sup⁃port to agriculture.