基于手持式振动仪的电机振动故障检测与诊断

Vibration fault monitoring and diagnosis of motors by handheld vibrometer

电机在运行过程中由于各种原因会产生异常振动,从而造成设备停运。而手持式振动仪能够方便、快捷地检测到电机振动的数据并进行分析,有助于及时明确设备振动的原因。通过对上安电厂两台电机进行状态检测、数据分析,分析并总结了振动速度、位移、加速度超标的原因及解决方法。结果表明:工艺水泵电机基础刚性不足导致的共振表现为水平振动速度大,且为垂直振动速度的5倍以上,基础加强后振动速度明显减小;磨煤机电机在振动速度与位移均正常的情况下高频加速度大是由轴承油膜失效或消失所致,加注润滑脂后可正常运行,并可延长轴承的使用寿命。因此,手持式振动仪是检测、评估电机运行时振动情况的有效工具,在电机日常维护过程中起着重要的作用。

The abnormal vibration of motors usually causes the equipment shutdown.The handheld vibrometer can monitor the motor vibration conveniently and quickly,which is helpful to identify the cause of the equipment vibration in time.The state detection and data analysis of two motors in Shang’an power plant were performed.And both the reason and solution were summarized for exceeding the permitted levels of vibration speed,displacement,and acceleration.Results show that the vibration by insufficient foundation rigidity of process pump motor is manifested as high horizontal vibration speed,whose speed is more than 5 times higher than the vertical vibration speed.Strengthening the foundation can reduce the vibration speed obviously.The failure or disappearance of bearing oil film results in the high frequency acceleration of coal mill motor under the normal vibration speed and displacement.The re-injection of lubricating grease can make it works normally and extend its bearing service life.Therefore,hand-held vibrometer is an effective tool to detect and evaluate the vibration of motors,which plays an important role in the daily maintenance of motors.