去叶方式对皖南烟区烟叶等级结构和品质的影响

Effects of Leaf Removal Methods on Grade Structure and Quality of Tobacco Leaves in Southern Anhui

为了明确去叶数量和去叶时间对烤烟等级结构、经济效益和烟叶品质的影响,以云烟87为试验材料,设置去叶数量和去叶时间2个因素,对烤后烟叶的正/副组烟叶重量比、等级结构、化学指标及感官质量等方面进行分析。结果表明:打顶前7 d去除3~4片下部叶,其副组烟比例比打顶当天、打顶后7 d处理的显著降低,且烟叶产量、产值显著增加,同时烟叶感官质量也得到提升。打顶当天去除4片下部叶处理,中部叶覆盖的叶位范围最广(第6~17叶位),烤后烟中部叶比例最高(44.05%),等级结构最合理。打顶后7 d去除4片下部叶处理的上部叶比例最高(38.94%),中部叶比例最低(28.70%),等级结构最差。综合分析,打顶前7 d去除3片下部叶处理的中部叶比例高(40.02%),副组烟比例低(20.45%),各部位烟叶感官品质较好,产量、产值最高,是最合理的去叶方式。

In order to clarify the effects of leaf removal quantity and time on flue-cured tobacco grade structure,economic benefit and tobacco leaf quality,Yunyan 87 was used as the experimental material in this paper.Two factors,defoliation quantity and defoliation time,were set to analyze the weight ratio,grade structure,chemical index and sensory quality of the positive/sub-group of flue-cured tobacco leaves.The results showed that 3~4 lower leaves were removed 7 days before topping,the proportion of sub-group tobacco was significantly lower than that on the day of topping and 7 days after topping,the yield and output value of tobacco leaves were significantly increased,and the sensory quality of tobacco leaves was improved.In the treatment of removing 4 lower leaves on the day of topping,the middle leaves covered the widest range of leaf positions(from 6th to 17th leaf positions),and the proportion of middle leaves after baking was the highest(44.05%).The grade structure was the most reasonable.The proportion of upper leaves was the highest(38.94%),and that of middle leaves was the lowest(28.70%)in the treatment of removing 4 lower leaves 7 days after topping.Comprehensive analysis showed that the treatment of removing 3 lower leaves 7 days before topping had a high proportion of middle leaves(40.02%)and a low proportion of secondary leaves(20.45%).The sensory quality of tobacco leaves in all parts was better,and the yield and output value were the highest,which was the most reasonable way to remove leaves.