基于“3414”方案的云木香产量与质量研究初报

Preliminary Study on Yield and Quality of Aucklandia lappa Based on“3414”Experimnet

基于“3414”方案,研究了不同的氮、磷、钾肥配比对云木香产量和质量指标的影响。结果表明,N_(3)P_(2)K_(2)处理的纯N、纯P、纯K施用量分别为540.0、270.0、225.0 kg/hm^(2)的鲜重和干重产量最高,分别为31347.12、10486.61 kg/hm^(2),较N0P0K0(CK)分别增产132.67%、132.48%,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)、N2P3K2的产量也较CK增产显著。质量指标:木香烃内酯含量在1.50%~2.00%之间,居前2位的N2P0K2、N2P2K0均为2.00%;去氢木香内酯含量为1.00%~1.60%,以N2P0K2最高,为1.60%,较CK增加了49.53%;木香烃内酯+去氢木香内酯总量为2.50%~3.60%,以N2P0K2最高,为3.60%;挥发油含量为0.59%~0.87%,以N2P0K2最高,为0.87%。肥料单因素对云木香鲜重产量的影响:磷肥的增产作用最明显,氮肥次之,钾肥最差。综合产量表现来看,最佳施肥处理为N_(3)P_(2)K_(2)。氮、磷、钾肥配施对木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、挥发油含量的影响无明显规律可循。频次分析结果表明,肥料推荐施用量:氮肥223.91~316.09 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥175.14~240.81 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥70.97~111.31 kg/hm^(2),肥料施用配比为1∶(0.55~1.08)∶(0.22~0.50),产量达13472.59~31347.12 kg/hm^(2)的概率为95%。

The effects of different nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)ratios on yield and quality indexes of Aucklandia lappa were studied based on the“3414”fertilization design.The results showed that the actual fresh and dry rootstock yield of the fertilizer application rates of pure N 540.0 kg/hm^(2),pure P 270.0 kg/hm^(2)and pure K 225.0 kg/hm^(2)(N_(3)P_(2)K_(2))was the highest,reaching 31347.12 kg/hm^(2)and 10486.61 kg/hm^(2),which were 132.67%and 132.48%higher than those of the no fertilization(CK:N0P0K0),The yield of N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)and N2P3K2 treatments was also significantly higher than the no fertilization(CK).The results of the quality index showed that the top two treatments of costunolide content were N2P0K2 and N2P2K0,which were both 2.00%,and the content of costunolide was between 1.50%and 2.00%in the different treatments.The dehydrocostus lactone content of N2P0K2 treatment was the highest(1.60%),which was 45.93%higher than that of CK,and the content of dehydrocostus lactone was between 1.00%and 1.60%in the different treatments.The treatment with highest total content of the costunolide and the dehydrocostus lactone was 3.60%of N2P0K2.The total content of the costunolide and the dehydrocostus lactone was between 2.50%and 3.60%.The treatment with the highest content(0.87%)of volatile oil was N2P0K2,and the content of volatile oil was between 0.59%and 0.87%in different treatments.The effect of fertilizer single factor on the fresh root yield showed that phosphate fertilizer was the most obvious,followed by nitrogen fertilizer,and potassium fertilizer was the worst.In terms of yield,the best fertilization treatment is N_(3)P_(2)K_(2).There is no obvious rule for the influence of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on the content of costunolide,hydrocarbon lactone and volatile oil.The results of frequency analysis showed that the recommended nitrogen fertilizer was 223.91~316.09 kg/hm^(2),phosphorus fertilizer was 175.14~240.81 kg/hm^(2),potassium fertilizer was 70.97~111.31 kg/hm^(2),and the ratio was 1∶(0.55~1.08)∶(0.22~0.50),which could gurantee the yield in the range of 13472.59 and 31347.12 kg/hm^(2)with 95%probability.