不同种类有机肥替代化肥对烟田氮、磷养分流失及烤烟生长的影响

Effects of Different Types of Organic Fertilizers Instead of Chemical Fertilizers on N and P Nutrient Loss in Tobacco Fields and Growth of Flue-cured Tobacco

采用田间原位实时收集水样方法,探究了不同前作(大蒜和蚕豆)条件下施用不同有机肥种类替代化肥对烤烟生长和烟叶的产量、产值、内在品质以及烟田氮磷养分流失等的影响。结果表明:牛粪和油枯有机肥配合有机液体肥处理的烟草农艺性状均优于化肥处理。2种有机肥处理的烟草产量和产值较化肥处理显著增加,其产量增幅分别为10.95%~13.91%和8.58%~10.99%,产值增幅分别为16.22%~22.18%和12.51%~20.54%,烟叶化学成分含量均较为适宜。2种有机肥处理的径流水和渗漏水的总氮、总磷、硝态氮等流失量均显著低于化肥处理,但其径流水和渗漏水的铵态氮流失量与化肥处理之间差异不显著。因此,洱海流域采用牛粪或油枯有机肥配合有机液体肥替代化肥,能促进烤烟的生长,提升烟叶的产量、产值及其内在品质,可降低烟田氮磷养分的流失,减少洱海流域的面源污染。

The effects of different types of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers on the growth of tobacco plants,the yield,output value and internal quality of tobacco leaves and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loss in tobacco fields under different conditions of previous cropping(garlic and broad bean)were studied by the method of real-time collection of water samples in the field.The results showed that the agronomic traits of tobacco treated with cow dung and oilseed manure combined with organic liquid fertilizer were better those treated with chemical fertilizer.Tobacco yield increased by 10.95%~13.91%and 8.58%~10.99%,and output value increased by 16.22%~22.18%and 12.51%~20.54%.The content of chemical components in tobacco leaves was suitable.The loss of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen in runoff water and seepage water of two types of organic fertilizer treatment was significantly lower than that of chemical fertilizer treatment,but there was no significant difference in the loss of ammonium nitrogen in runoff water and seepage water between organic fertilizer treatment and chemical fertilizer treatment.Therefore,the use of cow dung or oil dry organic fertilizer combined with organic liquid fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer in Erhai Lake basin can promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco,improve the yield,output value and intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves,reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in tobacco fields,and reduce the non-point source pollution in Erhai Lake Basin.