中国制造业行业能源效率测度及节能潜力分析

Measurement of energy efficiency and analysis of energy saving potential in China′s manufacturing industry

应用SBM模型测算了中国27个制造业行业2001—2020年间的全要素能源效率值,采用核密度估计分析能源效率变化趋势,最后对各行业的节能潜力进行定量分析。结果表明:①样本期间内中国制造业及27个分行业能源效率值整体上呈平稳上升趋势,上升速度较为缓慢。②制造业内部各行业间能源效率差异明显,从高到低依次为技术密集型、劳动力密集型和资本密集型,同时各行业间的能效差距呈逐渐缩小的态势。③节能潜力高的行业主要集中在资本和劳动力密集型行业,其中化学原料和化学制品制造业节能潜力最高,通过提高技术水平、改善能源结构等方式来优化这些行业的发展路径是实现制造业节能降耗的关键。

The SBM model was applied to measure the total factor energy efficiency values of 27 manufacturing industries in China during 2001-2020,and the kernel density estimation was used to analyze the trend of energy efficiency changes,finally,the energy-saving potential of each industry was quantitatively analyzed.The results showed that:①The overall energy efficiency values of China′s manufacturing industry and 27 sub-industries had shown a stable upward trend,with a relatively slow rate of increase during the period.②There were significant differences in energy efficiency among various industries within the manufacturing industry,with technology intensive,labor intensive,and capital intensive industries in descending order.At the same time,the energy efficiency gap between different industries was gradually narrowing.③The industries with high energy-saving potential were mainly concentrated in capital and labor-intensive industries,among which the chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industries had the highest energy-saving potential.Optimizing the development path of these industries through improving technological level and energy structure is the key to achieving energy-saving and consumption reduction in the manufacturing industry.