倾转旋翼机舵面故障后动态倾转过渡优化

Optimal Dynamic Transition of Tiltrotor Aircraft After Elevator Faults

倾转旋翼机操纵面故障后的安全高效应急操纵是避免飞行事故的重要环节。本文计算分析了倾转旋翼机遭遇不同作动器故障后倾转过渡的飞行轨迹和操纵优化。首先将倾转旋翼机不同舵面故障后的安全过渡倾转问题转换为最优控制问题,然后采用混合多重打靶法将最优控制问题离散为非线性规划问题,并进行数值求解。以XV-15为研究对象,面向基于最优控制模型的倾转过渡过程进行验证,随后注入舵面损伤、卡滞故障,计算并分析故障后的最优安全倾转过程和操纵策略。结果表明,当升降舵出现舵效损失时,飞行员需要增大纵向杆量输出,可完成动态倾转过渡,但随着损失增大,倾转过渡的操纵复杂度会提升;升降舵出现卡滞后,调节飞行速度,改变了倾转过渡路径,可完成正向倾转过渡。

Safe and efficient emergency handling after the control surface failure of tiltrotor aircraft is an important link to avoid flight failure.In this paper,the flight trajectory and control optimization of tiltrotor aircraft after encountering different actuator failures are calculated and analyzed.Firstly,the safe transition tilting problem of tiltrotor aircraft after different control surface failures is transformed into an optimal control problem,and then the optimal control problem is discretized into a nonlinear programming problem by using mixed multiple shooting method,and solved numerically.Taking XV-15 as the research object,the tilting transition process based on the optimal control model is verified,and then the rudder surface damage and sticking fault are injected,and the optimal safe tilting process and control strategy after the fault are calculated and analyzed.The results show that when the elevator loses its rudder effect,the pilot needs to increase the longitudinal joysticks to complete the dynamic tilting transition,but with the increase of the loss,the handling complexity of the tilting transition will increase.When the elevator is stuck,the forward transition can be completed by adjusting the flight speed and changing the inclined transition trajectory.