基于县域视角的云南省粮食生产空间布局变迁分析

Spatial distribution change of grain production in Yunnan province based on county perspective

【目的】探析云南省粮食生产的空间布局,为推进高原特色农业产业高质量发展,加强云南省粮食安全建设提供参考依据。【方法】基于云南省129个县(市、区)2000—2020年粮食生产面板数据,采用泰尔指数、生产集中度指数、赫芬达尔指数、地区相对专业化指数和重心模型等测度指标,探讨云南省粮食生产空间布局演变路径以及重心迁移轨迹。【结果】在时间上,云南省2020年的粮食作物播种面积较2000年增长29.16%,云南省粮食生产高产量、中等产量和低产量区域分别呈扩张、略微上升和缩减态势。在空间上,云南省粮食单产水平不断提升,但区域差异逐渐扩大;2012年以后云南省粮食生产空间布局基本形成且保持稳定态势;云南省前40个产粮大县决定了全省粮食生产布局,但生产专业化趋势并不显著;云南省粮食生产呈块状集中分布,以滇东集聚、滇南和滇西北稳产最为显著;云南省粮食生产重心整体向东南方向迁移,迁移速度不断变缓;宣威市、镇雄县、会泽县、罗平县、广南县和砚山县无论在产业规模还是在专业化上都具有优势,是云南省粮食生产的核心区域。【结论】云南省粮食生产空间布局差异明显,其空间演变受地区经济发展水平、人口状况、种植条件影响较大。因此,合理优化粮食产业空间布局、加快推进农业生产服务体系建设、逐步建立粮食主产县利益补偿长效机制,是优化云南省粮食生产结构的重要途径。

【Objective】 The study aimed to explore the spatial distribution of grain production in Yunnan province,so as to provide reference for promoting the high-quality development of plateau characteristic agricultural industry and strengthening the construction of food security in Yunnan province.【Method】 Based on the panel data of grain production of 129 counties in Yunnan province from 2000 to 2020,the evolution path of grain production spatial distribution and the transfer path of the gravity center of Yunnan province were discussed by using the measurement indicators such as the Theil index,the production concentration index,the Herfindahl index,the regional relative specialization index and the center of gravity model.【Result】 In terms of time,the sown area of grain crops of Yunnan province in 2020 increased by 29.16% compared with that in 2000.The regions with high,medium and low grain production of Yunnan province showed expansion,slight increase and reduction,respectively.In terms of space,the grain yield per unit area of Yunnan province had been rising,but the regional differences had gradually expanded;After 2012,the distribution of grain production in Yunnan province had basically taken shape and maintained stable;The top 40 grain producing counties in Yunnan province determine the grain production distribution of the whole province,but the trend of production specialization was not significant;Grain production in Yunnan province was concentrated in blocks,especially in the east,south and northwest of Yunnan;The grain production center of Yunnan province moved to the southeast as a whole,and the migration speed became slower;Xuanwei city,Zhenxiong county,Huize county,Luoping county,Guangnan county and Yanshan county had advantages both in industrial scale and specialization,and were the core areas of grain production of Yunnan province.【Conclusion】 The spatial distribution of grain production in Yunnan province was obviously different,and its spatial evolution was greatly affected by the regional economic development level,population status and planting conditions.Therefore,optimizing the spatial distribution of grain industry,accelerating the construction of agricultural production service system,and gradually establishing a long-term mechanism of interest compensation for major grain producing counties are important ways to optimize the grain production structure of Yunnan province.