不同化学调控剂对甘蔗节间伸长及糖分积累的影响

Effects of growth-promoting chemical regulators on internode elongation and sugar accumulation in sugarcane

【目的】探讨促生长化学调控剂对甘蔗节间伸长和糖分积累的影响,分析甘蔗产量与重要农艺性状间的相互关系,为定向化学调控甘蔗农艺性状及完善甘蔗高产高糖栽培技术提供参考依据。【方法】以甘蔗优良栽培品种桂糖58号(GT58)为试验材料,以不同促生长化学调控剂[硝酸钙(A)、硼酸(B)、磷酸二氢钾(C)、复硝酚钠(D)、赤霉素(E)、赤霉素+复硝酚钠(F)和赤霉素+硝酸钙+硼酸+磷酸二氢钾+复硝酚钠(G)]为化学调控剂处理组,以叶面喷施清水为对照组(CK),开展两年新植蔗田间小区试验,于节间伸长期喷施化学调控剂后在甘蔗不同生长发育时期测定其株高、节间伸长速率、糖分和产量。【结果】不同促生长化学调控剂处理甘蔗后,节间伸长速率表现为1.22~1.67 cm/d;平均节间数为21.30~23.90节;平均节间长为11.41~12.41 cm,且以含赤霉素调控剂的E和G处理极显著高于CK(P<0.01,下同)。含赤霉素调控剂的E和G处理甘蔗的株高均显著高于CK(P<0.05,下同),茎径显著低于CK,有效茎数低于CK但差异不显著(P>0.05),而最终产量均高于CK。在甘蔗节间糖分积累过程中,含赤霉素调控剂处理组(E、F和G处理)均可促进糖分在蔗茎中部和上部节间积累,促使不同部位节间的糖分含量快速达到工艺成熟期水平,还原糖含量快速降低至CK以下水平。相关分析结果表明,促生长化学调控剂处理组甘蔗的茎径与产量呈弱负相关,Pearson系数仅为-0.082,有效茎数与产量呈极显著正相关,株高与产量呈正相关。【结论】促生长化学调控剂可通过调控甘蔗节间伸长促进甘蔗株高形成,改善株高、茎径、有效茎数和产量性状及这些性状间的相互关系。其中,含赤霉素调控剂可有效促进节间伸长及糖分从中部节间至上部节间快速积累,增产增糖潜力巨大,可在甘蔗农艺性状的定向化学调控及完善甘蔗高产高糖栽培技术中应用。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of growth-promoting chemical regulations on internode elongation and its sugar accumulation in sugarcane internode,and to analyze the relationship between cane yield and important agronomic traits.The results will provide reference for the directional chemical regulation of sugarcane agronomic characters and the improvement of cultivation techniques of high yield and high sugar content.【Method】In the study,sugarcane excellent cultivar GT58 was used as planting material in a 2-year field plot trials,water spraying on leaves was used as control group(CK),and different growth-promoting chemical regulators were used as chemical regulators treated groups.They were respectively calcium nitrate(A),boric acid(B),potassium dihydrogen phosphate(C),compound sodium nitrophenolate(D),gibberellin(E),composed of gibberellin and compound sodium nitrophenolate(F),composed of gibberellin,calcium nitrate,boric acid,potassium dihydrogen phosphate,compound sodium nitrophenolate(G).The plant height,internode elongation rate,sugar content and yield of sugarcane were measured at different growth stages after chemical regulator was applied in internode elongation period.【Result】The internode elongation rate treated with different growth-promoting chemical regulators was 1.22-1.67 cm/d.The average internode number was 21.30-23.90,and the average internode length was 11.41-12.41 cm,and those of E and G treatments containing gibberellin were extremely significantly higher than CK(P0.01,the same as below).The plant height with gibberellin E and G treatments were significantly higher than CK(P0.05,the same as below),the stem diameter was significantly lower than CK,the effective stem number was lower than CK but the difference was not significant(P0.05),and the final yield was higher than CK.In the process of sugar accumulation in sugarcane internode,the treatment groups containing gibberellin-containing regulator(E,F and G treatments) could promote the accumulation of sugar in the middle and upper internode of cane stem,and promote the sugar content in different parts of internode to reach the level of process maturity,and reduce the reducing sugar content to the level below CK.Correlation analysis showed that there was a weak negative correlation between stem diameter and yield in treated group,and their Pearson's coefficient was only-0.082.There was extremely significant positive correlation between millable canes number and yield,as well as plant height.【Conclusion】The growth-promoting chemical regulators promoted the formation of sugarcane plant height by regulating internode elongation,thus affecting the correlation between yield,plant height,millable canes number and stem diameter,and realized the improvement of sugarcane yield formation at last.Among them,containing gibberellin chemical regulators could promote internode elongation and accelerate the rapid accumulation of sugar from the middle internode to the upper internode in sugarcane,which had great potential for increasing yield and its sugar content in sugarcane.These can be used in the directional chemical control of agronomic traits and the improvement of high-yield and high-sugar cultivation technology in sugarcane.