柏孜克里克第48窟铜钹图像稽考

The Study of Cymbals in Cave No.48 of Bezeklik

德国柏林民俗博物馆藏有一铺珍贵的新疆石窟地坪画,为德国探险队的勒柯克从柏孜克里克第48窟地面剥离。作为新疆地区目前所见唯一表现音乐内容的地坪画,它对研究古代佛教仪式音乐具有重要的史料价值,不仅描绘了净土世界景观,还写实地记录了当时宗教仪式的供桌及铜钹乐器。通过对这一地坪画的稽考,可知铜钹在中古时期音声体系中具有乐器与法器的双重性质,洞窟所具的超荐亡灵功能,以及古代丝绸之路多元文化的交流融汇情况。

The Cave paintings,currently housed in the Museum of Ethnology in Berlin,Germany,include a rare floor painting that was removed from Cave No.48 in Bezeklik by the German expedition of Le Coq.This unique floor painting,containing musical content,holds significant historical value for the study of ancient Buddhist ritual music in Xinjiang.The painting stands out due to its distinctive production method and ritual content,showcasing both the landscape of the Pure Land and a realistic representation of an offering table with cymbal instruments used during religious ceremonies.This article examines the painting,with particular focus on the cymbal images,to unravel its cultural connotation and trace the historical application of cymbals.