孕镶金刚石钻头设计与制造新技术回顾与展望

Review and prospect of new technologies for design and manufacture of impregnated diamond bits

高性能孕镶金刚石钻头的研制是钻探工程尤其是深部坚硬地层提高钻探效率、降低钻探成本的关键手段之一。本文从钻头胎体、结构和制造工艺3方面综述了孕镶金刚石钻头设计与制造的新技术,针对钻头胎体设计,介绍了胎体对金刚石把持力的调控研究,特别是胎体强化和胎体弱化这2大方向,并阐述了胎体自润滑钻头的设计机理;从唇面结构和水路系统的设计等方面论述了孕镶金刚石钻头结构设计的新思路;讨论了典型孕镶金刚石钻头设计技术,分析了钻头制造工艺现存的问题,并认为未来采用3D打印制造复杂结构孕镶金刚石钻头具有广阔的应用前景。对及时了解和掌握国内外孕镶金刚石钻头设计与制造技术和理论的最新进展,加快高性能孕镶金刚石钻头的研发具有重要意义。

The development of high performance impregnated diamond bits is a key tool to the development of drilling industry,which is especially important to improve the drilling efficiency and reduce the drilling cost in deep and complex formation.This paper reviews the new theories and technologies in designing and manufacturing impregnated diamond bits,and discusses the matrix,structure and manufacturing process in details.The study of the regulation of the diamond holding force by the matrix,such as the two major directions of strengthening matrix and weakening matrix,and the design mechanism of the matrix self‑lubricating drill bit were introduced in detail for the design of the drill bit carcass.Next,new ideas in the design of the structure of the impregnated diamond bit were discussed,mainly concerning the design of the lip structure and the waterway system.Meanwhile,typical impregnated diamond bit design techniques were discussed,and the existing problems in the manufacturing process of pregnant diamond bits were discussed,and the application of 3D printing for the manufacture of complex structure pregnant diamond drill bits was considered to be promising in the future.It is important to keep abreast of the latest advances in the design and manufacturing technology and theory of pregnant diamond bits in order to accelerate the research and development of high performance impregnated diamond bits.