机械水源钻机自动化升级的研究及应用

Research and application of automatic upgrading of mechanical water well drilling rig

传统水源钻机的加压送钻等操作受到操作者经验的影响较大,工作环境和安全条件也较差。为更好地满足中深层地热井施工的需求,对现有一台TSJ-3000型水源钻机进行了自动化升级改造。增加了司钻房;运用伺服控制系统,实现触感式摇杆提钻下钻功能和自动恒压送钻功能;采用自动传感式换挡模组,在司钻房内实现快速换挡、变速,使司钻房远离钻机转盘;采用工控屏触摸方式集成现场主要电柜控制器;实现了自动化和手动操作两个独立的操作系统。现场试验和应用表明,自动化升级后钻机运转参数能够实时监控和集中显示,为判断、预防井内事故提供科学依据;能满足3000 m水源钻机钻具悬重800 kN条件下的提、下钻工况需求,钻进效率比改造前提高了61%;降低了劳动强度,改善了操作环境。本项目顺应了钻探设备自动化、数字化、智能化发展趋势,具有良好的应用前景。

The operation of traditional water well drilling rig,such as pressure drilling,is greatly influenced by the operator’s experience,and the working environment and safety conditions are also poor.An TSJ-3000 water well drilling rig has been upgraded automatically to better meet the needs of the construction of middle‑deep geothermal wells.The original equipment is not changed,and the driller’s room is added;The servo control system is used to realize the function of lifting and lowering the drill by the touch rocker and the function of automatic constant pressure drilling.Adopt automatic sensing shift module to realize quick shift and speed change in the driller’s room,so that the driller’s room is far away from the rig turntable;Using industrial control screen touch mode to integrate the main electric cabinet controller on site;Two independent operating systems,automation and manual operation,are realized.The field test and application show that the operation parameters of the drilling rig can be monitored and displayed in real time after the automation upgrade,which provides scientific basis for judging and preventing accidents in the hole.It can meet the requirements of lifting and tripping under the condition that the drilling tool of 3000 m water source drilling rig has a hanging weight of 800kN,and the drilling efficiency is 61%higher than that before the transformation.The labor intensity is reduced and the operating environment is improved.This project conforms to the development trend of automation,digitalization and intelligence of drilling equipment,and has a good application prospect.