数字技术应用对农户相对贫困的影响

The Influence of Digital Technology Application on Farmers'Relative Poverty

利用2020年“中国乡村振兴综合调查”(CRRS)数据从理论和实证层面考察数字技术应用对农户相对贫困的影响及其作用机制,研究发现,将农户相对贫困的收入贫困线划定在人均可支配收入中位数的40%、50%和60%时,相对贫困发生率分别为20.5%、26.8%和30.1%。实证结果表明,数字技术应用能够显著缓解农户相对贫困,在经过一系列内生性检验和稳健性检验后结论依旧成立;机制检验结果表明,数字技术应用可以通过非农型生计策略选择来缓解农户相对贫困;区域异质性分析结果表明,数字技术应用对农户相对贫困的缓解作用在中部地区最大,东部地区次之,在西部地区和东北地区中仅西部地区数字技术使用维度显著。为此,应当关注相对贫困问题,建立解决农村相对贫困的长效机制;不断缩小城乡间、区域间与群体间的数字鸿沟;破除农村劳动力流动的制度阻碍,适度增加非农就业机会,为农户生计策略的有序改善创造外部条件。

Based on the data of Comprehensive Survey on Rural Revitalization in China(CRRS)in 2020,this paper investigates the impact of digital technology application on the relative poverty of farm households and its mechanism from both theoretical and empirical levels.The study finds that the relative poverty incidence is 20.5%,26.8%and 30.1%when the income poverty line is set at 40%,50%and 60%of the median per capita disposable income,respectively.The empirical results show that the application of digital technology can significantly alleviate the relative poverty of farmers,and the conclusion is still valid after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests.The result of mechanism tests show that digital technology application can alleviate the relative poverty of farmers through the choice of non-agricultural type livelihood strategies.The results of regional heterogeneity analysis show that the application of digital technology has the greatest effect on alleviating the relative poverty of rural households in the central region,followed by the eastern region,and only the western region is significant in the dimension of digital technology use between the western and northeastern regions.In this regard,attention should be paid to relative poverty,and a long-term mechanism should be established to address relative poverty in rural areas;the digital divide between urban and rural regions and groups should be continuously narrowed;institutional barriers of rural labor flow should be broken down,and non-agricultural employment opportunities should be moderately increased to create external conditions for the orderly improvement of farmers'livelihood strategies.