论古尔纳《赞美沉默》的讽刺艺术

On the Satirical Art of Abdulrazak Gurnah's Admiring Silence

2021年诺贝尔文学奖得主古尔纳的《赞美沉默》是一部采用第一人称外视角进行叙述的小说,它以无名叙述者的讲述勾勒了非洲流散者在英国的生存状况,其讲述中包含了大量的讽刺话语。在讽刺的呈现方式上,叙述者通过言语反讽对英国文明进行嘲讽,并运用情境反讽和戏剧反讽,显示了爱玛话语的功能障碍与疏漏;叙述者也对刻板印象及帝国叙事进行戏仿,揭示其虚假本质;同时,叙述者既以悖论语言获得文本的讽刺效果,又在历史维度展现了悖谬特征。这三种技巧在运用的过程中相互交织,隐含着叙述者与英国社会在文明与话语上的疏离。在含蓄的戏谑背后,蕴藏着作家深切的人文关怀,透过其精湛的讽刺艺术,可以窥见这部小说中古尔纳独特的创作风格。

As the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2021,Abdulrazak Gurnah's Admiring Silence is a novel narrated from first-person external focalization.It outlines the living conditions of African diaspora in Britain with the narration of an unknown narrator,and its narration contains a lot of sarcastic remarks.In terms of its presentation,the narrator makes a mockery of the civilization of Britain through verbal irony,and uses situational irony and dramatic irony to show the malfunction and omission of Emma's discourse;And also,he parodies stereotypes and imperial narratives to reveal their false essence;Meanwhile,the narrator not only obtains the satirical effect of the text by paradox,but also shows the paradoxical characteristics in the historical dimension.These three techniques are intertwined in the process of application,which implies the alienation of the narrator from the British society in civilization and discourse.Behind the implicit banter lies the writer's deep humanistic concern.Through his exquisite satirical art,we can see Gurnah's unique creative style in this novel.