城轨车辆结构服役寿命评估体系研究

Research on Service Life Evaluation System of Urban Rail Vehicle Structure

目前国内已有多个城市运营的城轨车辆到达设计半寿命期或第二次大修期,甚至部分批次列车已接近30年设计寿命,相关运营公司对处于寿命中后期的车辆能否安全运营、能否延寿及如何延寿等问题格外关注,因此,开展系统性、综合性的城轨车辆结构服役寿命评估体系研究势在必行。通过对国内主要城轨运营公司需求调研,以及对国内外轨道车辆寿命评估技术研究,结合无损检测、理化分析、有限元分析、台架试验、线路试验、疲劳强度及断裂力学等学科,以及北京、广州、上海、天津等多个城轨车辆服役寿命评估项目工程经验,形成了全面、系统的城轨车辆结构服役寿命评估体系框架及流程,为后续开展城轨车辆结构服役寿命评估提供了借鉴和指导,并为形成科学完整的城轨车辆结构服役寿命评估标准奠定了基础。

At present,urban rail vehicles operating in many cities in China have reached the designed half-life period or the second overhaul period,and even some batches of trains have reached the design life of 30 years.Relevant operating companies pay special attention to whether the vehicles in the middle and late life can operate safely,whether and how to extend their life.Therefore,it is imperative to carry out systematic and comprehensive research on the service life evaluation system of urban rail vehicles.By investigating the demands of major urban rail operators in China,and studying the life assessment technology of rail vehicles at home and abroad,combined with the multiple disciplines of NDT,physicochemical analysis,finite element analysis,bench test,line test,fatigue strength and fracture mechanics,as well as the engineering experience of many urban rail vehicle service life assessment projects such as Beijing,Guangzhou,Shanghai and Tianjin,the paper proposes a comprehensive and systematic framework and process of service life assessment system,which provides reference and guidance for the follow-up development of the service life assessment,and lays a foundation for forming a scientific and complete urban rail vehicle structure service life assessment standard.