企业数字化转型对就业规模及结构影响的实证研究

An empirical study on the impact of enterprise digital transformation on employment scale and structure

随着数字化时代的到来,人们越发关注企业就业规模和就业结构。运用2011—2019年上市公司的企业面板数据,借助固定效应模型和中介效应模型,深入探究企业数字化转型对就业规模和就业结构的影响。结果表明,首先,企业数字化转型会显著扩大企业的就业规模。其次,数字化对岗位结构的影响带有强烈的“知识偏向”,对掌握前沿产业相关知识的人才需求增加。中介效应检验结果显示,企业数字化转型通过市场规模效应与产品创新间接扩大企业就业规模。异质性分析结果显示,对于环境数字化程度高以及非国有企业而言,企业数字化程度对就业结构的影响更加显著。

With the advent of the digital age,people are paying more and more attention to the employment scale and employment structure of enterprises.Used the enterprise panel data of listed companies from 2011 to 2019,the impact of enterprise digital transformation on employment scale and employment structure was studied deeply by the fixed-effect model and mediation effect model.The results show that,firstly,the digital transformation of enterprises significantly expand the employment scale of enterprises.At the same time,the impact of digitalization on the job structure has a strong"knowledge bias",showing a bias towards high skills and knowledge,and an increase in the demand for talents who master knowledge related to cutting-edge industries.The results of the intermediary effect test show that the digital transformation of enterprises indirectly promotes the employment scale of enterprises through market scale effect and product innovation.The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the high degree of digitalization of the environment and the degree of digitalization of non-state-owned enterprises have a more significant impact on the employment structure.