日本落叶松种子园不同世代母树球果和种子形态特征

Morphological Characteristics of Mother Tree Cones and Seeds in Different Generations Seed Orchards of Larix kaempferi

落叶松具有速生、材质优良等特性,在辽宁省林业产业发展中有着举足轻重的地位。良种壮苗造林是提高林木产量和质量的有效途径之一。为了比较不同世代种子园球果和种子的形态特征,本研究选择日本落叶松初级种子园、1.5代种子园和2代种子园母树的球果和种子为研究对象,测定并分析了单果重、球果长、球果宽、种子千粒重、种子长、种子宽和种子厚等球果和种子形态特征指标。结果表明,日本落叶松球果和种子形态特征在不同世代种子园间存在一定差异。其中:初级种子园母树球果单果重、球果长和球果宽的平均值分别为3.99 g、2.85 cm和2.07 cm,种子长、种子宽、种子厚和千粒重的平均值分别为4.66 mm、2.60 mm、1.49 mm和5.10 g;1.5代种子园母树球果单果重、球果长和球果宽平均值分别为3.66 g、2.84 cm和2.13 cm,种子长、种子宽、种子厚和千粒重平均值分别为4.58 mm、2.61 mm、1.50 mm和5.00 g;2代种子园母树球果单果重、球果长和球果宽平均值分别为2.93 g、2.93 cm和2.03 cm,种子长、种子宽、种子厚和千粒重平均值分别为4.60 mm、2.59 mm、1.51 mm和4.66 g。方差分析表明,除了种子宽和种子厚外,不同世代种子园间其他指标均达到显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异水平。相关分析表明,日本落叶松种子园母树球果与种子的形态特征指标间相关性较强。本研究对了解日本落叶松的生态适应性和遗传变异、指导生产具有重要的意义。

Larix spp.has the characteristics of rapid growth and excellent material quality,which plays a pivotal role in the development of forestry industry in Liaoning Province.Afforestation of fine seeds and strong seedlings is one of the effective ways to improve the yield and quality of forest trees.In order to compare the morphological characteristics of cones and seeds in different generations seed orchards,the mother tree cones and seeds of primary seed orchard,1.5 generation seed orchard and 2 generation seed orchard of Larix kaempferi(Lamb.)Carr.were selected as the research objects,and single fruit weight,cone length,cone width,1000-grain weight,seed length,seed width and seed thickness were measured and analyzed.The results showed that there were some differences in cone and seed morphological characteristics among seed orchards of different generations.Among them,the average single cone weight,cone length,cone width,seed length,seed width,seed thickness and 1000-grain weight of mother trees in primary seed orchard were 3.99 g,2.85 cm,2.07 cm,4.66 mm,2.60 mm,1.49 mm and 5.10 g,respectively.The average single cone weight,cone length and cone width of mother trees in 1.5 generation seed orchard were 3.66 g,2.84 cm and 2.13 cm,respectively,and the average seed length,seed width,seed thickness and 1000-grain weight were 4.58 mm,2.61 mm,1.50 mm and 5.00 g,respectively.The average single cone weight,cone length and cone width of mother trees in 2 generation seed orchard were 2.93 g,2.93 cm and 2.03 cm,respectively,and the average seed length,seed width,seed thickness and 1000-grain weight were 4.60 mm,2.59 mm,1.51 mm and 4.66 g,respectively.Analysis of variance showed that except for seed width and seed thickness,other indexes among different generations of seed orchards showed significant(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01)differences.Correlation analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between the cone and seed morphological characteristics indexes of the mother tree in seed orchard of Larix kaempferi.This study is of great significance for understanding the ecological adaptability and genetic variation of Larix kaempferi and guiding production.