心理技能与竞技表现:中国职业男子篮球运动员发展的现实困境、国际经验与应对策略

Psychological Skills and Athletic Performance:Realistic Challenges,International Experience,and Coping Strategies in the Development of China’s Professional Male Basketball Players

目的与方法:采用文献资料法,录像观察法,逻辑分析等方法,从心理技能与运动员竞技表现的关系切入,归纳和总结中国职业男子篮球运动员竞赛表现总体特征和发展困境,深入剖析问题根源。结果表明我国高水平职业篮球运动面临的现实困境主要有四方面:①篮球专项心理素质“球感”缺失;②竞赛情绪状态的激活、表达与调节能力不足;③训练项目普遍脱离比赛场景,缺乏强度和整体性;④运动员责任感和价值感缺失。结合国际经验与案例,从我国篮球后备人才培养长远发展角度出发,提出以竞赛心理技能为基础的策略,即:培养以球感为基础的技、战术能力(基础性能力),提高球员场上情绪激活、表达和控制水平(适应性和调整性能力),球员“似本能行为”的培养(创造性能力),提高运动员对比赛的认知水平和自我效能感(认知性能力)。

OBJECTIVE and METHOD:Employing methods such as literature review,video observation,and logical analysis,this study approaches the relationship between psychological skills and athletes’competitive performance.It succinctly summarizes the overarching characteristics and developmental obstacles faced by Chinese professional male basketball players in their competitive endeavors and offers an in-depth analysis of the underlying issues.RESULTS and CONCLUSION:High-level professional basketball in China confronts four primary challenges:(1)the absence of a specialized basketball psychological trait known as“basketball sense,”(2)insufficient capacity to activate,express,and regulate emotional states during competition,(3)training regimens often disconnected from real game scenarios,lacking in intensity and comprehensiveness,and(4)a deficiency in athlete responsibility and values.Drawing from international experiences and case studies,this study presents four strategies rooted in competitive psychological skills for the long-term development of China’s basketball talent pool.These strategies include fostering fundamental skills and tactics founded on basketball sense(fundamental skills),enhancing players’ability to activate,express,and control emotions on the court(adaptive and adjustment skills),cultivating player“instinctive behaviors”(creative skills),and elevating athletes’cognitive abilities and self-efficacy in competitions(cognitive skills).